Pathology of Enteric Neuromuscular Disorders
Fig. 17.1 Diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease by rectal suction biopsy. (a) An adequate suction rectal biopsy should be ≥2 mm in greatest dimension and contain a generous sample of submucosa….
Radionuclide Gastrointestinal Transit Tests
Recommended meal (a) 118 mL (4 oz.) of liquid egg whites (e.g., eggbeaters [ConAgra Foods, Inc.] or an equivalent generic liquid egg white) (b) Two slices of toasted white bread (c) 30 g…
Colonic Manometry
Fig. 9.1 Abdominal radiograph showing a high-resolution solid-state colonic motility catheter placed with its tip at the hepatic flexure. The arrow points to the endoclip used to secure the catheter…
Anorectal Manometry
Fig. 10.1 (a) Water-perfusion catheter (Medical Measurement Systems). (b) High-resolution catheter (Medical Measurement Systems). (c) Three-dimensional high-resolution catheter (Sierra Scientific Instruments) (Courtesy of Medical Measurement Systems) The water-perfusion catheter consists…
Electrical Stimulation of the GI Tract
Fig. 46.1 Endoscopic pictures of temporary GES placement . The lead is screwed clockwise into the gastric mucosa (a). Clips are placed endoscopically to anchor the lead to the mucosa…
Pediatric Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction
Primary CIPO • Sporadic or familial forms of hollow visceral myopathy/neuropathy (e.g., megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome) [7, 28–45] • Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) [19, 46–48] • Hirschsprung disease [49–51] • Neuropathy associated with multiple endocrine…
Antroduodenal Manometry
Fig. 8.1 Examples of conventional (a) and spatiotemporal plot (b) of normal migrating motor complex (MMC) recorded in a child with recurrent vomiting. All three phases (phase I, phase II,…
Functional Constipation in Children
Age <4 years Developmental age of ≥4 years Rome III criteria • <3 defecations per week • <3 defecations in the toilet per week • ≥1 episode of fecal incontinence per week after…
Visceral Sensitivity
Fig. 4.1 Spinal and vagal innervation of the gastrointestinal tract. Upper portion: sensory information from vagal receptors is carried by vagal afferent nerves (1) with nerve cell bodies in the…
Esophageal Manometry
and Annamaria Staiano2 (1) Section of Pediatrics, Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy (2) Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples…
