Fig. 12.1 Uric acid metabolism. Purines are degraded to hypoxanthine and xanthine. Xanthine oxidase converts hypoxanthine to xanthine and also xanthine to uric acid. Unlike most other animals, humans and…
Fig. 1.1 JNC overview of systolic BP. To simplify the classification of hypertension, the seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood…
Traditional factors Family history (essential HTN) Obesity Tumor (e.g., pheochromocytoma, Wilms, neuroblastoma) Neurologic (e.g., dysautonomia) Cardiovascular (coarctation, renal artery stenosis, middle aortic syndrome) Chronic lung disease, obstructive sleep apnea Endocrine…
Fig. 14.1 Hypertension induces inflammatory processes. Hypertension can promote inflammatory events within the vascular wall and the kidney. Increased sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) can drive both hypertension and immune cells…
15. Snyder JJ, et al. Body size and outcomes on peritoneal dialysis in the United States. Kidney Int. 2003;64(5):1838–44.CrossRef 16. Johansen KL, et al. Association of body size with outcomes…
Fig. 9.1 Structure of the CYT006-AngQb vaccine. The modified angiotensin II peptide is composed of the amino acid sequence of Ang Iotensin1–8 octapeptide (Angiotensin II) fused at its N-terminus to…
Fig. 8.1 Schematic representation of how baroreceptor activation therapy works. (Courtesy of CVRx Inc.) The Principle of Baroreceptor Activation Therapy Baroreceptors are located in the aortic arch and at the…
Fig. 15.1 Reference SNP associations for HTN, SBP, and DBP plotted by chromosomal location. SNP single-nucleotide polymorphism, HTN hypertension, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure Table 15.1 Overview…
Fig. 3.1 True resistant hypertension (blue bar) and pseudoresistant hypertension (green bar) in CKD. (Adapted from Nicola et al. [31]. With permission from Elsevier) Observational studies have documented a high…
(n) %WCH Treated hypertensives [5] 12,897 21.4 Male [6] 15,212 24.2 Female [6] 13,936 32.5* Untreated hypertensives [7] 6176 29.2 a *p < 0.001 vs. males aWCH defined as ABP > 135 and/or…
