Gastroesophageal reflux Allergy Infections Ingestion of corrosive agents Prolonged retention of medication pills Trauma Repaired esophageal atresia Crohn’s disease Radiation Motility disorder 2.1.2 Histology As in other segments of the…
Fig. 7.1 Traditional laparoscopic anti-GERD therapies. GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease Fig. 7.2 Treatment gap in the management of GERD. PPI proton pump inhibitors. (Reprinted from Ref. [9]) Fig. 7.3 Outline…
Fig. 2.1 Barium swallow peptic stricture Fig. 2.2 a, b EGD images. Peptic stricture (pre- and post-dilation) Multiple dilation sessions may be required in order to achieve durable symptom palliation…
(1) Department of Surgery, Keck Medical Center of University of Southern California, 892 Huntington Garden Drive, San Marino, 91108 Los Angeles, CA, USA Stephanie G. Worrell Email: tom.demeester@med.usc.edu KeywordsGastroesophageal refluxLower…
Fig. 3.1 Los Angeles (LA) classification of erosive esophagitis. Grade A: One (or more) mucosal break no longer than 5 mm that does not extend between the tops of two mucosal…
Fig. 5.1 Model of a parietal cell showing stimulatory receptors on its basal–lateral plasma membrane and their second messengers. AC adenylate cyclase, Ach acetylcholine, Ca 2+ calcium ion, cAMP cyclic…
(1) Esophageal and Swallowing Center, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH, USA Carla Maradey-Romero Email: ronnie.fass@gmail.com KeywordsErosive esophagitisGastroesophageal refluxHeartburnProton pump inhibitors Histamine 2…
(1) Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Barnes-Jewish Hospital/Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8124, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, 63110 St. Louis, MO, USA Amit Patel Email: cprakash@wustl.edu KeywordsGastroesophageal…
(1) Divison of Gastroentrology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Suite H210, Memphis, TN, USA Ali Akbar Email: chowden@uthsc.edu KeywordsGERDObesityLifestyle modificationSmokingAlcoholDiet The Montreal consensus conference defined gastroesophageal reflux disease…
Stool frequency >3 bowel movements daily Stool weight >200 g of stool daily Stool form Bristol stool type 6 (mushy) or 7 (watery) Functional diarrhea Loose (mushy) or watery stools…
