Origin and Pathophysiology
Fig. 2.1 Illustration depicting the venous testicular vasculature (a), and the drainage of right and left testes (b). The right testicular vein empties into the inferior vena cava while the…
Treatment Modalities
Study Patients Antioxidant Outcomes Controlled trials Cavalleni et al. (2004) [213] n = 62 men with varicocele and 39 men with oligozoospermia treated compared with 71 men with varicocele and 47 men…
Varicocele Classification
Sensitivity (%) Specificity (%) Accuracy (%) Physical exam 70 70 67 Color Doppler ultrasound 93 85 ND Venography 100 60–70 ND Thermography 84–98 81–100 ND ND not defined Physical…
Varicocele in Adolescents
© The Author(s) 2016Alaa Hamada, Sandro C. Esteves and Ashok AgarwalVaricocele and Male InfertilitySpringerBriefs in Reproductive Biology10.1007/978-3-319-24936-0_7 7. Varicocele in Adolescents Alaa Hamada1 , Sandro C. Esteves2 and Ashok Agarwal3 (1) TUFTS Medical School/St. Elizabeths Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA…
Cost-Effectiveness of Varicocele Treatment
© The Author(s) 2016Alaa Hamada, Sandro C. Esteves and Ashok AgarwalVaricocele and Male InfertilitySpringerBriefs in Reproductive Biology10.1007/978-3-319-24936-0_10 10. Cost-Effectiveness of Varicocele Treatment Alaa Hamada1 , Sandro C. Esteves2 and Ashok Agarwal3 (1) TUFTS Medical School/St. Elizabeths Medical Center, Boston, MA,…
Guidelines and Best Practice Statements for the Evaluation and Management of Infertile Adult and Adolescent Males with Varicocele
Levels of evidence 1a Evidence obtained from meta-analysis of randomized trials 1b Evidence obtained from at least one randomized trial 2a Evidence obtained from one well-designed controlled study without randomization…
Association Between Varicocele and Infertility
# Author, year and reference OS marker Evidence Study group (N) Controls (N) Results A. Seminal OS markers 1. Hendin et al. 1999 [104] Seminal ROS (by CL) Direct Infertile…
Varicocele and Azoospermia
© The Author(s) 2016Alaa Hamada, Sandro C. Esteves and Ashok AgarwalVaricocele and Male InfertilitySpringerBriefs in Reproductive Biology10.1007/978-3-319-24936-0_9 9. Varicocele and Azoospermia Alaa Hamada1 , Sandro C. Esteves2 and Ashok Agarwal3 (1) TUFTS Medical School/St. Elizabeths Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA…
Subclinical Varicocele
Studies Patients no Design Therapy Diagnostic method Outcomes Unal 2001 [244] 42 infertile men with subclinical varicocele RCT Group 1: (n = 21) Clomiphene citrate Group 2 (n = 21) Varicocele repair CDU Sperm…
Definitions and Epidemiology
Fig. 1.1 Photograph of a large left varicocele seen through the scrotal skin (left). Illustration of varicose veins on the left spermatic cord as compared to normal sized-veins on the…
