Penile cancer is a rare malignancy, which can be a source of devastating psychosexual distress because of its implication on sexual function and self-image. Current penile staging relies on invasive…
Testicular cancer processes a unique and clear miRNA expression signature. This differentiates testicular cancer from most other cancer types, which are usually more ambiguous when assigning miRNA patterns. As such,…
Current use of testicular biomarkers for screening, diagnosis, and follow-up is reviewed in the context of potential clinical utility of these tests. This information will be of value to clinicians…
The cell cycle is one of the most important regulatory mechanisms of cellular growth and proliferation. Dysregulation of this pathway is thought to be the first step in carcinogenesis of…
Improved understanding of renal carcinoma disease biology has led to the discovery and approval of five novel therapies targeting specific molecules in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) biochemical pathway….
Incidental small renal masses identified on imaging are increasingly investigated via needle core or fine needle aspiration biopsies with limited material provided for rendering a diagnosis. Lesions with a prominent…
The clinical management of bladder cancer has seen little change over the last three decades and there is pressing need to identify more effective treatments for advanced disease. Low clinical…
Bladder cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by complex networks of molecular alterations and gene expression. This review summarizes some of the recent genomic studies that have further advanced the…
The standard of care for detection and surveillance of bladder cancer consists of cytology and cystoscopy, but both examinations suffer from many limitations, including issues related to accuracy, invasiveness, and…
In light of the overdiagnosis and overtreatment associated with widespread prostate-specific antigen–based screening, controversy persists surrounding the detection and diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). Given its anatomic proximity to the…
