Acute cellular rejection results from an interaction between recipient antigen-presenting cells (APCs), recipient T cells, and MHC antigens on donor cells. The T cells become activated, resulting in the transcription…
Plate 3-2 CLEARANCE AND RENAL PLASMA FLOW CLEARANCE Solutes that cannot be metabolized, such as sodium and potassium, enter the kidneys in arterial blood and then leave in venous blood…
The most probable causes of graft dysfunction depend on the amount of time that has passed since the transplantation. Immediate Postoperative Period. After a live donor transplant, the kidney begins…
The fascia and muscle layers of the obliques and transversus are divided just lateral to the edge of the rectus abdominis sheath. The superficial epigastric artery can be either ligated…
Finally, urine leak may present similarly to delayed renal function because it causes low urine output and, as a result of urine reabsorption, an elevation in serum creatinine and urea…
Before transplantation, the donor and recipient must be confirmed to have compatible blood types. In addition, precautions must be taken to ensure immune compatibility. Recipient serum must be tested against…
TECHNIQUE Laparoscopic Technique. In a laparoscopic ablation, the tumor can be directly visualized, and the ablation process can be monitored in real time. The tumor can be accessed from either…
COMPLICATIONS Both cryoablation and RFA tend to have lower complication rates than OPN/LPN. Nonetheless, they carry a risk of some major complications, including bleeding from the tumor, injured intraabdominal vessels,…
Urine leakage can result from inadequate intraoperative closure of a collecting system defect or ureteral obstruction from a blood clot, which increases backflow pressure. A surgical drain should therefore be…
Once visualized, the renal fascia should be mobilized free of its attachments and then opened and dissected. The renal hilum should be carefully identified and exposed. The tumor should be…
