Test Change from nonpregnant state Bilirubin (total) Unchanged (or slightly decreased) Aminotransferases (AST, ALT) Unchanged Alkaline phosphatase Increases 2–4 fold Albumin Decreases Prothrombin time Unchanged Fibrinogen Increases by 50 %…
Fig. 36.1 Trends in the distribution of major indications for liver transplantation over the past decade in the United States. HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, HCV hepatitis C, ALD alcoholic liver disease,…
Fig. 34.1 Endoscopic view of grade 2 varices in distal esophagus Prevention of Variceal Hemorrhage Screening for Esophageal Varices in Cirrhotics A great deal of research has been performed on…
Scenario (If the parents…) Transmission (….then the children) If both parents have the disease… …then all children will have the disease If one parent has the disease and one parent…
Persons born between 1945 and 1965 Persons with risk behaviors, exposures, and conditions associated with an increased risk of HCV infection • Risk behaviors – Injection-drug use (current or ever) – Intranasal illicit…
Fig. 9.1 Annual number of cases of hepatitis A in the USA according to the CDC Worldwide, approximately 1.5 million clinical cases of hepatitis A occur annually but the rate…
Grade ECOG 0 Fully active, able to carry all pre-disease performance without restriction 1 Restricted in physically strenuous activity but ambulatory and able to carry out work of a light…
Moderate-to-marked elevation in aminotransferases Mild elevation in aminotransferases Ischemic injurya, b Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Toxic injurya, b Alcoholic hepatitis Acute viral hepatitisa, c, d Pharmacology Acute biliary obstructiona, d,…
Fig. 20.1 Clinical algorithm for the evaluation of possible HFE-related hereditary hemochromatosis The recommended cutoff for TS is 45 %—higher values are considered abnormal and warrant further evaluation. Note that…
Fig. 16.1 Asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis: a study of its natural history and prognosis. Spring J, Cauch-Dudek K, O’Rourke K, et al. Am J Gastro. 1999; 94(1): 47–53 Fig. 16.2…
