Abdominal Key

Sperm Retrieval Techniques KELLY A. CHILES PETER N. SCHLEGEL Azoospermia is defined as the complete absence of sperm in the ejaculate after analysis of two ejaculated specimens. Up to 15%…

Anatomy of the Testis MARK SIGMAN An understanding of normal testicular anatomy is important for all urologists involved in male reproductive surgery. Proper knowledge of normal allows recognition of those…

Ejaculation Induction Procedures DARIUS A. PADUCH LINDSAY DOW ROBERT JOHN LISCHER Anejaculation is defined as failure of ejaculation (retrograde or antegrade) and needs to be distinguished from anorgasmia (lack of…

Vasovasostomy and Vasoepididymostomy MATTHEW WOSNITZER MARC GOLDSTEIN VASOVASOSTOMY Approximately 500,000 vasectomies are performed annually in the United States (1). Up to 6% of men undergoing vasectomy will ultimately request vasectomy…

Microsurgical Varicocelectomy MARC GOLDSTEIN Varicocele is by far the most commonly performed operation for the treatment of male infertility. Varicocele is found in approximately 15% of the general population, 35%…

Vasectomy DOUGLAS G. STEIN As the most dependable method of contraception and one that requires virtually no compliance, vasectomy is an ideal choice for those men who have made a…

Anatomy of the Epididymis, Vas Deferens, and Seminal Vesicle AKANKSHA MEHTA It is well known that spermatogenesis, the development of germ cells into structurally mature sperm, occurs in the seminiferous…

Seminal Vesicle and Ejaculatory Duct Surgery BROOKE A. HARNISCH JAY I. SANDLOW SEMINAL VESICLE SURGERY The seminal vesicles are paired male organs with no female homologue. They develop as a…

Sacral Neuromodulation CHRISTOPHER F. TENGGARDJAJA SANDIP VASAVADA Overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms are projected to affect 34 million people in the United States, with a projected national cost of $76 billion…