Obesity and GERD
Epidemiologic data have demonstrated that obesity is an important risk factor for the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). There is also accumulating data that obesity is associated with complications…
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and the Elderly
Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common disorder in all patients but a particular problem in the elderly, for whom the disease often presents with advanced mucosal damage and other complications….
Extraesophageal Presentations of GERD
This article reviews the evaluation and management of patients with suspected extraesophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease, such as asthma, chronic cough, and laryngitis, which are commonly encountered in gastroenterology…
Surgical Treatment of GERD
Surgical management of gastroesophageal reflux disease has evolved from relatively invasive procedures requiring open laparotomy or thoracotomy to minimally invasive laparoscopic techniques. Although side effects may still occur, with careful…
Medical Treatments of GERD
The mainstay of pharmacological therapy for GERD is gastric acid suppression with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which are superior to histamine-2 receptor antagonists for healing erosive esophagitis and achieving symptomatic…
Acid and Nonacid Reflux Monitoring
Detection of acid and nonacid reflux using esophageal reflux monitoring, which includes conventional and wireless pH monitoring and pH impedance, can be a valuable diagnostic tool when used appropriately in…
Esophageal Manometry in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
High-resolution manometry (HRM) allows nuanced evaluation of esophageal motor function, and more accurate evaluation of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) function, in comparison with conventional manometry. Pathophysiologic correlates of gastroesophageal reflux…
Symptom Predictability in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Role of Proton Pump Inhibitor Test
There are problems with the definition, assessment, and measurement of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The Reflux Disease Questionnaire and the GERD questionnaire are patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures for use in…
Barium Esophagram
The barium esophagram is an integral part of the assessment and management of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) before, and especially after, antireflux procedures. While many of the findings…
Role of Endoscopy in GERD
Endoscopy is commonly performed for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Endoscopy allows the physician to evaluate esophageal mucosa for evidence of esophagitis and Barrett esophagus, to…
