© Springer-Verlag London 2015Vinod H. Nargund, Derek Raghavan and Howard M. Sandler (eds.)Urological Oncology10.1007/978-0-85729-482-1_41 41. Expectant Management of Localized Prostate Cancer Maria Carmen Mir1 and Andrew J. Stephenson2 (1) Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA (2) Glickman Urological…
The BED normally carries a subscript corresponding to the assumed α/β since it is clearly different for large and small α/β. Thus, for any given fractionation schedule, one must determine…
Fig. 3.1 Clonal evolution drives tumor progression. (a) Healthy epithelium. (b) The first oncogenic mutation occurs in a single epithelium cell (Yellow cell) resulting in the growth of a genetically…
Regimens Reference N OR (%) CR (%) Survival (months) P MVAC [6] 120 36 13 12.5 <0.0002 Cisplatin 126 11 3 8.2 MVAC [7] 55 65 35 12.6 <0.05 CISCA…
1. Muscle invasive (≥T2) bladder cancer 2. Select patients with recurrent high grade T1 or CIS 3. BCG and intravesical chemotherapy failures: high grade T1, with concomitant CIS, multifocal disease…
Parameter Limitation Examples Laboratory methodology New assay system Standardization in progress What is “normal”? Optimal technology? e.g. I-H vs. FISH? e.g. RNA vs. protein? Inter-laboratory variation Lab test applied to…
Fig. 13.1 Cell cycle (Reprinted from Kalmadi and Raghavan [43]. With permission from Springer Verlag) 1. Cells remain quiescent in a resting phase (G0), which may be prolonged over years;…
Fig. 16.1 Comparison of emotional distress by cancer site Hinz and colleagues [11] looked at the degree of psychological distress (anxiety and depression) in urological cancer patients over a period…
57. Herr HW, Dalbagni G. Defining bacillus Calmette-Guerin refractory superficial bladder tumors. J Urol. 2003;169(5):1706–8.PubMed 58. Solsona E, Iborra I, Dumont R, et al. The 3-month clinical response to intravesical…
Variable 0 1 2 3 Primary site Gonadal Retroperitoneal Mediastinal Response 1st line CR/PRm- PRm+/SD PD PFI >3 months ≤3 months AFP at salvage normal <1,000 >1,000 LBB at salvage…
