Bacillus Calmette-Guérin has been established as the primary treatment of high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. If patients do not respond or later recur, the most reliable treatment option is cystectomy….
Perioperative intravesical chemotherapy has a well-established role in the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. There are multiple agents that can be used in this fashion with varying properties. Although…
This article summarizes the current literature on office-based management of low-grade, noninvasive bladder cancer. Discussion includes differences in recurrence and progression rates between neoplasm grades and stages, role of visual…
This article provides an overview of intravesical chemotherapy agents used for non–muscle invasive bladder cancer; summarizes the evidence on single-dose perioperative administration, induction therapy, and maintenance therapy; and briefly discusses…
As of 2012, bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer afflicting men and ninth most common cancer in women. Nearly 80% of all bladder cancer diagnoses are non-muscle invasive…
Sam S. Chang, MD, FACS, Editor As the second most frequent genitourinary malignancy, non-muscle invasive bladder represents a significant, heterogeneous disease that urologists commonly diagnose, evaluate, and treat. The range…
The natural history of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) in individual patients can be unpredictable. Although there are known clinical and molecular factors associated with tumor recurrence and progression, it…
Reoperative urethroplasty is complicated by increased urethral and periurethral scar and the frequent persistence of comorbid conditions that caused the original failure. Nevertheless, by experienced clinicians, reoperative urethral reconstruction can…
Penile skin loss may occur after trauma, infection, or as a result of surgical resection. This article reviews indications for reconstruction of the penile skin, skin anatomy, and skin graft…
