Abstract The kidney is the master regulator of homeostasis. Despite substantial variations in intake, environmental conditions, or physical stresses from one individual to another or within the same individual over…
Abstract Kidney damage is manifested by loss of the integrity of the filtration barrier, impairment of tubular function, or other processes that interfere with normal kidney function. Urinalysis and urine…
Abstract The urinalysis is an essential component of the evaluation of patients with suspected parenchymal kidney disease and helps distinguish among the various causes of glomerular disease and acute or…
Abstract Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is generally considered the best overall assessment of kidney function. The normal level for GFR is 120 to 130 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 but varies according…
Abstract This chapter summarizes the major morphogenetic events during formation of nephrons and the collecting system in the mammalian kidney. The classification, developmental origin, and genetic basis of kidney-urinary tract…
Abstract The past decade has witnessed important developments in the care of patients with kidney disease. Incidence rates of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have generally stabilized in industrialized countries. In…
Abstract Acute kidney injury (AKI) results in complex metabolic derangements driven by loss of kidney function and the injured kidney, the systemic response to illness, co-morbid illnesses, and the therapies…
Outline The Alloimmune Response, 555 A. Transplantation Antigens, 555 B. Cellular Events Leading to Allograft Rejection, 558 Tolerance, 567 Summary, 569 When an organ or tissue from one member of…
Abstract: Kidney transplantation in children involves many unique aspects. Surgical techniques are different in small children. Routine childhood immunizations may not be complete before transplantation. Growth is suboptimal in chronic…
Abstract Graft dysfunction is a problematic complication of kidney transplantation. The diagnosis and treatment varies by the time period after transplantation. This chapter reviews the major etiologies of graft dysfunction…
