Definition Radiation nephropathy is the kidney parenchymal injury and loss of function caused by radiation exposure to the kidneys. Its typical form is caused by external beam ionizing radiation, by…

Introduction Paraneoplastic syndromes refer to manifestations of cancer that are not related to tumor burden, invasion, or metastatic disease. The manifestations may be systemic or organ-limited and can involve virtually…

Introduction Paraneoplastic syndrome refers to “clinical manifestations that are not directly related to tumor burden, invasion or metastasis, but are caused by secretion of tumor cell products, such as hormones,…

Malignancy remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. It is estimated that up to 1,735,350 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in 2018, with…

Introduction The scope of oncology has changed greatly over the past decade as therapies for cancer have moved toward creating or intensifying an immune response against it. The ever-growing number…

Introduction Several conventional chemotherapeutics have been associated with renal side effects including kidney function deterioration, electrolyte disorders, tubular injury, glomerular lesions, tubulointerstitial nephritis, and the development of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA)…

Introduction In the past decade, advances in cell biology have led to the development of anticancer agents that target specific molecular pathways. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) defines targeted therapies…

Introduction Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is commonly used as a treatment for malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Over the past decade, there has been more focus on the chronic complications…