Introduction Acute liver failure (ALF) is defined as the acute onset of severe hepatitis with loss of hepatic function in patients with no known underlying liver disease. ALF can result…
Etiology of Pediatric Acute Liver Failure The Pediatric Acute Liver Failure (PALF) Study Group, a multicenter and multinational consortium, suggested the following definition: (1) no known evidence of chronic liver…
Introduction Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is a rare multisystem disorder and one of the most frequent inherited causes of cholestatic liver disease in children. Traditionally, ALGS has been characterized by the…
Introduction In recent years, the number of gene therapy (GT) trials targeting the liver have grown significantly, particularly when it comes to gene addition strategies (delivery of cDNA for a…
Introduction Biliary atresia is a uniquely perinatal disease that 30 years ago would have been universally fatal. With the development of the palliative Kasai portoenterostomy (Morio Kasai, 1922–2008), along with…
Introduction For numerous liver diseases of childhood, liver transplantation (LT) is a lifesaving procedure. However, it requires scarce organs, a highly experienced team to manage the surgical procedure, complications, and…
Introduction Currently, the standard medical treatment (SMT) for pediatric liver failure incorporates optimal supportive care with hemodynamic and respiratory support, infection control, and avoidance of gastrointestinal bleeding, aiming to bridge…
Introduction Over the past decades, survival rates after pediatric liver transplantation have increased from about 76% to over 90% more than 10 years after transplantation (Tx). Follow-up care of liver-transplanted…
Anti-infection Strategies Infections are the cause of significant morbidity and mortality after transplantation, both in the immediate post-operative period and beyond ( Fig. 19.1 ). Anti-infection strategies include preventive measures,…
Introduction Liver transplantation (LT) is a major surgical procedure, with recipients presenting with end-stage liver disease and the complications thereof. It follows that post-operative care is complex and requires continuous…