Pelvic floor disorders including lower urinary tract dysfunction are common, and may be evaluated by urodynamic tests, such as cystometry, uroflowmetry, pressure flow studies, electromyography, and video-urodynamics. These urodynamic tests…
Pelvic floor muscles have two major functions: they provide support or act as a floor for the abdominal viscera including the rectum; and they provide a constrictor or continence mechanism…
Barrett’s esophagus is an important step in the pathway to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Since most patients with Barrett’s esophagus are undiagnosed and patients present with advanced adenocarcinoma de novo, prognosis for…
Primary treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus and cardia rests on surgical resection. Although recent advances have shown the suitability of endoscopic treatment in selected patients with very early cancers,…
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a disease based on a clinicopathologic diagnosis that involves a localized eosinophilic inflammation of the esophagus. A significant increase in the diagnosis of pediatric EoE has…
The incidence of esophageal cancer, in particular esophageal adenocarcinoma, is increasing, largely due to an increase in risk factors for adenocarcinoma. When esophageal cancer is confirmed by upper endoscopy, staging…
Antisecretory therapies that raise intragastric pH provide the best healing of the esophageal mucosal damage that occurs in gastroesophageal reflux disease. Continuous maintenance therapy is also effective to reduce the…
Managing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is difficult because it is a chronic relapsing disease. Surgical management of GERD is indicated only after medical management has failed. In patients who have…
Treatment of noncardiac chest pain is often difficult because of the heterogeneous nature of the disorder. This condition can stem from gastroesophageal reflux, visceral hyperalgesia, esophageal motility disorders, psychiatric dysfunction,…
The manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have been classified into either esophageal or extraesophageal syndromes. Cough, reflux laryngitis, and asthma have been classified as extraesophageal syndromes, whereas reflux chest…
