Surgery remains an integral component of treating metastatic testicular germ cell tumors outside the retroperitoneum. Defining the role of surgery in extraretroperitoneal (ERP) disease can be challenging because metastases can…
Germ cell tumors of the testis have an overall survival rate greater than 90% as a result of a successful multidisciplinary approach to management. Late relapse affects a subset of…
Key points • Patients with persistently elevated serum tumor markers should be monitored for marker kinetics and evaluated for nonviable cancer causes of marker elevation. • Desperation postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph…
The rate of diagnosis of germ cell tumors has remained fairly constant. By the International Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Classification, roughly 60% of all metastatic germ cell tumors are classified…
Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection after chemotherapy has a proved role in the staging and treatment of metastatic testicular cancer. Complete removal of all postchemotherapy residual masses in nonseminomatous germ cell…
Although the standard approach of retroperitoneal lymphadnectomy (RLA) is open surgery, laparoscopy is an emerging technique in urology and reports of laparoscopic RLA are increasing. This article presents the indications,…
Key points • Through a better understanding of lymphatic dissemination in testicular germ cell tumors, modifications in the boundaries of dissection have improved the long-term morbidity of retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (RPLND)…
Testis cancer represents the model for a curable malignancy. Although there is consensus about the appropriate management of metastatic (clinical stage [CS] IIC-III) nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) in terms…
Management of testicular seminoma has benefited from numerous advances in imaging, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy over the last 50 years leading to nearly 100% disease-specific survival for low-stage seminoma. This article examines…
Intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN) is a precursor lesion for testicular germ cell tumors, most of which are early stage. ITGCN is also associated with testicular cancer or ITGCN in…
