Abstract This chapter covers the broad field of transcription and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms to equip the gastrointestinal physiologist with the tools to understand gene expression. This chapter reviews the composition…
Abstract Calcium, phosphate, and magnesium are important components of cell structure, energy metabolism, and signal transduction and are required for enzymatic activity. All of these minerals are important components of…
Abstract Congenital urinary tract obstruction is commonly detected by routine antenatal ultrasound screening during pregnancy. Obstruction can occur anywhere along the course of the developing urinary tract, can be evident…
Abstract Hereditary tubular transport disorders comprise a group of diseases that usually present in the neonatal period, lead to profound derangements in the homeostasis of electrolytes, minerals, or organic solutes…
Abstract Acute kidney injury (AKI) is very common in the neonatal period occurring in approximately 6% to 24% of newborns in the ICU. Emerging data suggest that AKI lends itself…
Abstract Hypertension in neonates is increasingly recognized as a result of advances in our ability to identify, evaluate, and care for premature infants. Normative data on normal blood pressure (BP)…
Abstract The transition from placental gas exchange to air breathing is a complex process that requires adequate removal of fetal lung fluid and a concomitant increase in perfusion of the…
Abstract Diuretics increase salt and water renal excretion. They do it by acting mainly on electrolyte and water transport across renal tubules. The sites of action of diuretics include the…
Abstract In this chapter, we will discuss three problem areas for achieving fluid and electrolyte balance in the extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infant less than 1000 g at birth, and…
