Renovascular Hypertension and Ischemic Nephropathy

May 3, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Renovascular Hypertension and Ischemic Nephropathy
Key Points • Although poststenotic kidneys may lose glomerular filtration rate and tissue volume, the contralateral kidney without stenosis undergoes compensatory hypertrophy. These changes mask the damage to the affected…
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Considerations in Living Kidney Donation

May 3, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Considerations in Living Kidney Donation
Key Points • Considering practicality, test availability, and costs, the initial estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) should be based on serum creatinine (eGFRcr) and confirmation using one or more of…
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Enhanced Elimination of Poisons

May 3, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Enhanced Elimination of Poisons
Key points • Treatment of poisonings includes aggressive supportive care and consideration of antidotes, gastrointestinal decontamination, and elimination enhancement techniques. • Characteristics that favor elimination of a poison with extracorporeal…
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Peritoneal Dialysis

May 3, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Peritoneal Dialysis
Key Points • Contemporary PD prescriptions emphasize goal-directed therapy, taking into account lifestyle factors, residual kidney function, and peritoneal membrane characteristics, with incremental PD offering a gradual approach to dialysis…
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Therapeutic Plasma Exchange and Other Extracorporeal Treatments in Management of Kidney and Related Diseases

May 3, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Therapeutic Plasma Exchange and Other Extracorporeal Treatments in Management of Kidney and Related Diseases
Key Points • Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and other extracorporeal separation techniques can be effective in removing large toxins, pathogenic antibodies, and neutralizing targeted substances and is often combined with…
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Diuretics

May 3, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Diuretics
Key Points • Dietary sodium restriction to <3 g daily, selection onf a diuretic with a prolonged action, or more frequent administration of the diuretic will enhance NaCl loss by…
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Pregnancy and Kidney Disease

May 3, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Pregnancy and Kidney Disease
Key Points • Pregnancy is a “kidney stress test,” which may unmask or worsen preexisting kidney conditions. Vigilance for kidney disease is required, especially in high-risk groups with chronic kidney…
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Infectious Diseases and the Kidney

May 3, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Infectious Diseases and the Kidney
Key points • Infections can lead to the development and worsening of a range of kidney diseases including acute kidney injury (AKI), tubular disorders, chronic kidney disease, and urinary tract…
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Chronic Kidney Disease–Mineral Bone Disorder

May 3, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Chronic Kidney Disease–Mineral Bone Disorder
Key Points • Changes in mineral metabolism parameters occur as early as stage 2 chronic kidney disease (CKD), most commonly with increased serum fibroblast growth factor 23 concentrations. • Pi…
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