Hemodialysis

May 3, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Hemodialysis
Hemodialysis (HD) sustains life for more than 2.5 million patients throughout the world. Without it, most would die within a few weeks, thus highlighting the need among caregivers to gain…
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The Immunobiology of Transplantation

May 3, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on The Immunobiology of Transplantation
Key Points • Allograft rejection occurs because the recipient’s immune system recognizes the donor’s human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) as nonself through three pathways. In the direct pathway, recipient CD8 T…
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Diagnostic Kidney Imaging

May 3, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Diagnostic Kidney Imaging
Key Points • Imaging tests are tailored to be applied to specific clinical scenarios and are often modified to address specific clinical questions. • Positron emission tomography with several different…
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Critical Care Nephrology

May 3, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Critical Care Nephrology
Key Points • Critical care nephrology is an evolving field that requires understanding of the pathobiology of critical illness as a multisystem condition characterized by crosstalk between multiple organs during…
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