Swallowing
Objectives • Describe the oral and pharyngeal events taking place during a swallow. • Describe the pressures within the esophagus and oral stomach at rest and during a swallow. •…
Motility of the Small Intestine
Objectives • Compare the motility patterns of the small intestine during feeding and fasting. • Describe the functions of slow waves and spike potentials in regulating contractions of the small…
Regulation: Nerves and Smooth Muscle
Objectives • Understand the anatomy and functions of the enteric nervous system and its relationship with the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems. • Describe the anatomy and types of contractions of…
Regulation: Peptides of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Objectives • Describe the four major functions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. • Understand the differences between and significance of endocrine, paracrine, and neurocrine agents. • Identify the major GI…
Gastric Emptying
Objectives • Describe the contractions of the orad and caudad regions of the stomach. • Explain the regulation of the contractile activity of the stomach, including the role of slow…
Surgical Management of LUTS/BPH: New Mini-Invasive Techniques
Abstract In the setting of benign prostatic obstruction related to hyperplasia, novel treatment strategies based on new mini-invasive techniques are currently in development. UroLift implants are the most developed and…
Surgical Treatment for LUTS/BPH: Laser Devices
Abstract The introduction of laser energy for the treatments of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) has dramatically changed the surgical landscape of surgery for…
Medical Aspects of the Treatment of LUTS/BPH: Combination Therapies
Abstract Several drugs have been approved for the treatment of nonneurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). 5α-Reductase inhibitors (5ARIs) and α1-blockers (AB) represent the mainstay of medical treatment of male…
Surgical Management of LUTS/BPH: TURP vs. Open Prostatectomy
Abstract Currently, transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) is considered one of the best surgical treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate volume is an important factor in choosing a suitable modality. Although studies…
Medical Aspects of the Treatment of LUTS/BPH: Antimuscarinic and β3-Agonists
Abstract Storage type lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are the most bothersome for patients. Several pharmacotherapies directed at the treatment of storage LUTS have emerged over the last decade, including…