High Sperm DNA Damage
Sperm DNA damage reduces pregnancy rates in couples undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Because it has been shown that testicular sperm have lower DNA damage than ejaculated sperm, it is an…
Testicular Mapping
Guiding a couple with nonobstructive azoospermia requires an integrated approach to care by the urologist and the reproductive endocrinologist. After informing the couple of the implications of the diagnosis, care…
Sperm Extraction in Obstructive Azoospermia
For men with obstructive azoospermia, several surgical sperm retrieval techniques can facilitate conception with assisted reproductive technology. The evolution of both percutaneous and open approaches to sperm retrieval has been…
Optimal Endocrine Evaluation and Treatment of Male Infertility
This article aims to define the optimal endocrine workup of male factor infertility, including evaluation and treatment of men who have previously been on exogenous testosterone or anabolic steroids. Future…
The Evolving Role of Metastasectomy for Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Surgical metastasectomy continues to be utilized for patients with solitary or low-volume metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Although few high-quality data are available to evaluate outcomes, local treatment is recommended…
Minimally Invasive Surgery for Patients with Locally Advanced and/or Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Despite advances in systemic therapy and immunotherapy, surgery continues to have a role in management of advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC). Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is considered standard of care…
Radiation Therapy for Patients with Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
Stereotactic radiosurgery and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) have led to a resurgence of the use of radiotherapy in the management of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). These techniques provide…
The Role of Lymphadenectomy in Patients with Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
The role of lymph node dissection (LND) in the management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is controversial. LND serves an indisputable staging role by providing pathologic nodal stage. However, while…
Cytoreductive Nephrectomy in the Era of Tyrosine Kinase and Immuno-Oncology Checkpoint Inhibitors
The role for cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has evolved with advancements in systemic therapy. During the cytokine-based immunotherapy era, CN provided a…
Adjuvant Therapy for Localized High-Risk Renal Cell Carcinoma
This article reviews the use of adjuvant therapies for prevention of recurrence following resection of clinically localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Clinical trials evaluating adjuvant therapy for RCC have focused…