Hypertension
Hypertension Phuong-Mai T. Pham Phuong-Anh T. Pham Son V. Pham Cynthia C. Nast Hai V. Pham DEFINITIONS/GENERAL CONCEPTS Epidemiology Worldwide trends in blood pressure (BP) from 1975 to 2015 based…
Chronic Kidney Disease
Chronic Kidney Disease Susie Q. Lew Scott D. Cohen Phuong-Mai T. Pham Phuong-Thu T. Pham Phuong-Chi T. Pham Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is classified based on (1) cause, (2) glomerular…
Acid-Base and Potassium Disorders
Acid-Base and Potassium Disorders Phuong-Chi T. Pham Phuong-Mai T. Pham Cynthia C. Nast Hai V. Pham Phuong-Truc T. Pham Phuong-Thu T. Pham ACID-BASE DISORDERS Role of Kidneys in Acid-Base Regulation…
Sodium/Water
Sodium/Water Phuong-Chi T. Pham Phuong-Truc T. Pham Phuong-Anh T. Pham Son V. Pham Phuong-Thu T. Pham HYPONATREMIA Background Definition Hyponatremia is clinically defined as a serum sodium concentration (S[Na+]) <136…
Thoracoscopic Biopsy and Resection of a Mediastinal Mass
Access the accompanying videos for this chapter online. Available on ExpertConsult.com. Management of anterior and middle mediastinal masses in children often depends on obtaining tissue for diagnosis. Conversely, most posterior…
Thoracoscopic Repair of Esophageal Atresia
Access the accompanying videos for this chapter online. Available on ExpertConsult.com . Esophageal atresia (EA), with or without a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF), is one of the more uncommon congenital anomalies,…
Minimally Invasive Pectus Carinatum Repair
Access the accompanying videos for this chapter online. Available on ExpertConsult.com . The treatment of pectus carinatum has evolved in the last two decades. Nowadays, the first line of treatment…
Thoracoscopic Patent Ductus Arteriosus Ligation and Division of Vascular Rings
Access the accompanying videos for this chapter online. Available on ExpertConsult.com . Both patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and vascular rings often require surgical treatment. Persistent PDAs can lead to congestive…
Thoracoscopic Aortopexy
Access the accompanying videos for this chapter online. Available on ExpertConsult.com . Aortopexy is indicated in young patients with life-threatening tracheal obstruction secondary to severe tracheomalacia. The tracheomalacia may be…
Thoracoscopic Biopsy and Resection of a Mediastinal Mass
Access the accompanying videos for this chapter online. Available on ExpertConsult.com. Management of anterior and middle mediastinal masses in children often depends on obtaining tissue for diagnosis. Conversely, most posterior…