Diagnosis of Barrett’s Esophagus
Abstract Barrett’s esophagus is a condition in which normal stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus is replaced with columnar epithelium. It is the primary precursor lesion for esophageal adenocarcinoma and…
Metaplasia and Dysplasia in Barrett’s Esophagus
Abstract This chapter provides details regarding the normal anatomy and histology of gastroesophageal junction along with histologic features of Barrett’s esophagus (BE). In addition, the clinical and pathologic aspects of…
Genetics and Biomarkers in Barrett’s Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Abstract Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a very heterogeneous disease and despite rapid advances in molecular technology, including sequencing the major driver mutations in the progression of its precursor, Barrett’s esophagus…
Fluctuating Risk Factors and Epidemiology
Abstract Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is an acquired condition associated with severe gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and has a malignant predisposition. The overall prevalence of BE in general population varies between…
A Disease Entity Is Identified
Abstract Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is the presence of metaplastic columnar epithelium in the lower portion of the esophagus, which is normally lined with stratified squamous epithelium. The main cause of…
Overview of Therapy for Glomerular Disease
Chapter Outline THE GLOBAL IMPACT AND CHALLENGES, 1161 OUTCOME MEASURES AND CLINICAL TRIALS IN GLOMERULONEPHRITIS, 1163 QUANTIFICATION OF THE BENEFITS OF PROTEINURIA REDUCTION, 1163 Membranous Glomerulonephritis, 1164 Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis,…
Biomarkers in Acute and Chronic Kidney Diseases
Chapter Outline BIOMARKER DEFINITION, 927 PROCESS OF BIOMARKER DISCOVERY, ASSAY VALIDATION, AND QUALIFICATION IN A CLINICAL CONTEXT, 927 Phase 1: Discovery of Potential Biomarkers through Hypothesis-Generating Exploratory Studies, 927 Phase…
Biomarkers in Acute and Chronic Kidney Diseases
Chapter Outline BIOMARKER DEFINITION, 927 PROCESS OF BIOMARKER DISCOVERY, ASSAY VALIDATION, AND QUALIFICATION IN A CLINICAL CONTEXT, 927 Phase 1: Discovery of Potential Biomarkers through Hypothesis-Generating Exploratory Studies, 927 Phase…
The Kidney Biopsy
Chapter Outline SAFETY AND COMPLICATIONS OF BIOPSIES, 915 PERFORMING THE BIOPSY, 918 BIOPSY SPECIMEN HANDLING, 919 LIGHT MICROSCOPY, 919 Staining for Light Microscopy, 919 Examination of the Biopsy Specimen by…
Nephron Endowment and Developmental Programming of Blood Pressure and Renal Function
Chapter Outline DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING, 694 DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING IN THE KIDNEY, 694 Plausibility of the Nephron Number Hypothesis, 695 Evidence for Programming in the Kidney, 696 PROGRAMMING OF RENAL FUNCTION AND…