Pyelonephritis may occur secondary to immunosuppression and frequent catheterization. Like acute rejection, it may present as fever and allograft pain. Urine dipstick and culture should be performed to assess for…
The most probable causes of graft dysfunction depend on the amount of time that has passed since the transplantation. Immediate Postoperative Period. After a live donor transplant, the kidney begins…
Finally, urine leak may present similarly to delayed renal function because it causes low urine output and, as a result of urine reabsorption, an elevation in serum creatinine and urea…
The fascia and muscle layers of the obliques and transversus are divided just lateral to the edge of the rectus abdominis sheath. The superficial epigastric artery can be either ligated…
Before transplantation, the donor and recipient must be confirmed to have compatible blood types. In addition, precautions must be taken to ensure immune compatibility. Recipient serum must be tested against…
TECHNIQUE Laparoscopic Technique. In a laparoscopic ablation, the tumor can be directly visualized, and the ablation process can be monitored in real time. The tumor can be accessed from either…
COMPLICATIONS Both cryoablation and RFA tend to have lower complication rates than OPN/LPN. Nonetheless, they carry a risk of some major complications, including bleeding from the tumor, injured intraabdominal vessels,…
Once visualized, the renal fascia should be mobilized free of its attachments and then opened and dissected. The renal hilum should be carefully identified and exposed. The tumor should be…
Urine leakage can result from inadequate intraoperative closure of a collecting system defect or ureteral obstruction from a blood clot, which increases backflow pressure. A surgical drain should therefore be…
A dorsal lumbotomy incision can be used when retroperitoneal access to the kidney is desired in patients who have fibrosis associated with prior abdominal or flank incisions. The incision is…
