Pathology of Gynecologic Cancers
HGSC CCC EC MC LGSC Genetic risk factors BRCA1/2 Lynch syndrome Lynch syndrome None known None known Precursor lesions Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma Endometriosis Endometriosis Not known Serous borderline…
Radical Hysterectomy in Cervical Cancer
Fig. 33.1 Different types of tumor growth in the cervix (exophytic, endocervical, deep stromal) Early Stages Patients with micro invasive carcinoma stage FIGO IA (stromal invasion ≤5 mm; horizontal extension…
Selective Non-operative Treatment in Rectal Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation: Lessons Learned from the “Watch-and-Wait” Approach
Fig. 56.1 Endoscopic view of a complete clinical response 2. A subtle loss of pliability of the rectal wall harboring the scar; usually observed during manual insufflations at proctoscopy…
Pre-sacral Tumors
Congenital Osseuos Benign Benign Developmental cysts Giant cell tumor Rectal duplication Osteoblastoma Anterior sacral meningocele Aneurysmal bone cyst Adrenal rest tumor Malignant Malignant Osteogenic sarcoma Chordoma Ewing sarcoma Teratocarcinoma Myeloma…
Endoscopic Approaches to Rectal Neoplasia
Fig. 48.1 Example of retroflexion view of anal brim. (a) Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (AIN) 0-IIa grade 2 with immunohistochemical stain for p16 positive favoring an HPV-related pathogenesis. (b) AIN lesion…
Dealing with Complications of Rectal Surgery
Patient risk factors Tobacco use Alcohol use Obesity Age >65 ASA > 3 Malnutrition <3.0 Weight >10 % TBW Disease factors Emergent surgery Steroid or immunomodulator use Malignancy Level of…
Fertility Preservation in Early Cervical Cancer
Fig. 32.1 Sagittal MRI indentifying tumour and length of endocervical canal, with distance from isthmus Fig. 32.2 Endovaginal coil MRI scan identifying tumour 32.4 Staging The traditional method of staging…
(Laterally) Extended Endopelvic Resection for the Treatment of Locally Advanced and Recurrent Cervical Cancer
Mature metacompartment Building blocks Primitive metacompartment Developmental domains with fixed topological relations to each other Mature ontogenetic compartments Endopelvis Endoderm Cloaca and allantois Primitive bladder Bladder Splanchnopleuric mesoderm Internal UGS…
Anatomy of the Pelvis
Fig. 7.1 Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous fibers of the pelvis (Copyright © 2007; Jens-Uwe Stolzenburg and Moonsoft) Fig. 7.2 Nerves of the pelvis (Copyright: Moonsoft and Stolzenburg (2007)) The Neurovascular…
Reconstruction in Exenterative Surgery
Fig. 38.1 (a, b) Specimen of anterior exenteration, including the uterus and the bladder These oncologic situations include primary advanced gynecological tumors, but more frequently recurrent pelvic disease, in patients…
