Fig. 17.1 AquaBeam® Robotic System components: (a) rolling equipment stand; (b) conformal planning unit (CPU; monitor), console, motorpack, robotic handpiece articulating arm, TRUS articulating arm; (c) robotic handpiece; (d) catheter…
Fig. 17.1 Diffusion across a semipermeable membrane. The driving force for solute diffusion is the transmembrane concentration gradient. Small solutes with higher concentrations in the blood compartment, such as potassium,…
Classification Systolic BP (mmHg) Diastolic BP (mmHg) Normal <120 AND <80 Prehypertension 120–139 OR 80–89 Stage I HTN 140–159 OR 90–99 Stage II HTN ≥160 OR ≥100 BP classification was…
Condition Urinary ACR (mg/g) Terms Normoalbuminuria <30 Normally to mildly increased Microalbuminuria 30–300 Moderately increased Macroalbuminuria/overt proteinuria >300 Severely increased ACR albumin-to-creatinine ratio Proteinuria, first characterized by Kimmelstiel and Wilson…
Fig. 8.1 Clinical usage of magnetic resonance imaging. DCE dynamic contrast-enhanced; ASL arterial spin labeling; DWI diffusion-weighted imaging; DTI diffusion tensor imaging; BOLD blood oxygen level-dependent; MRE magnetic resonance elastography;…
Potential advantages • Improved graft survival for high-risk patients • Onset of first rejection is delayed • Period of delayed graft function may be foreshortened • May allow for less aggressive maintenance regimen Potential…
Steps in calculation Example of calculation or formula Calculate the urea clearance for a 24-h period Urea clearance = Uurea/Purea ∗ urine volume/1440 = Urea mL/min Determine urea clearance in liters, which is equivalent…
Pharmacokinetic process Changes in hemodialysis Absorption Increased absorption mediated by: • Paracellular leakage • Decreased efflux transporter activity • Decreased P450 activity Distribution Increased free drug concentration mediated by: • Decreased albumin concentration • Uremic…
Fig. 6.1 Prevalence of chronic kidney disease by age group in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for 1988–1994 and 1999–2004. (Reproduced with permission from Coresh et al….
