Indications Aldosterone-producing adenoma Cortisol-producing adenoma Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia Pheochromocytoma Nonfunctioning adenoma >4 cm Symptomatic cyst Symptomatic myelolipoma Solitary adrenal metastasis Contraindications Large tumor >10 cm (relative) Morbid obesity (relative) Uncorrected…
Fig. 11.1 Example of video tower components including light source, processor, and recording devices Historically, video systems were analogue and interfaced with fiber-optic or rod-lens endoscopes. The camera head would…
Fig. 9.1 Port placement placement for robotic abdominal sacrocolpopexy (using the 4-arm Da Vinci) Fig. 9.2 Port in place after insufflation. In this view from the head looking toward the…
Fig. 7.1 Representation of the regions and boundaries of the recommended lymphadenectomy Many authors have proposed that lymph node yield may indeed be a surrogate of surgical quality since it…
Laparoscopic Robotic (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA) 5 mm monopolar scissors 8 mm monopolar curved scissors 5 mm Maryland/atraumatic graspers 8 mm Maryland bipolar forceps 5 mm right angle graspers 8…
Fig. 15.1 The 100-W Versapulse holmium laser and Lumenis 120H used to perform HoLEP The holmium laser energy can be transmitted along flexible quartz fibers of varying diameters, ranging from…
Guideline issuing organization Tumor size Solitary kidney Bilateral tumors Chronic kidney disease Proteinuria Surgical priority AUA (2017) <4 cm Prioritize Prioritize Prioritize Prioritize Negative margins Avoid prolonged warm ischemia time…
Fig. 10.1 Low-profile laparoscopic trocars (blue circles) can be used with a single-port device or a single-skin incision through multiple aponeurosis accesses The GelPort™ (Applied Medical, USA) was already in…
Patient factors Anatomical features Stone features Obesity Solitary kidney Overall stone burden/size Coagulopathy Horseshoe kidney Stone composition Comorbidities Ectopic kidney Hounsfield unit (HU) density Pregnancy Lower pole stone SWL resistance…
