Type of test Measured modality Primary indication Test of function Anorectal manometry Function of anal sphincter Fecal incontinence, nonrelaxation of the pelvic floor, Hirschsprung’s disease Rectoanal reflexes Anorectal sensation Rectal…
Fig. 20.1 (a, b) Terminology for location of anal and perianal lesions. Tumors A, B, and C represent ANAL lesions that are not visible or are incompletely visible while gentle…
Type of incontinence Frequency Never Rarely Sometimes Usually Always Solid 0 1 2 3 4 Liquid 0 1 2 3 4 Gas 0 1 2 3 4 Pad usage 0…
Etiology N (%) Diverticulosis 227 (37.34) Hemorrhoids 128 (21.05) Neoplasia 72 (11.84) Colitis 65 (10.69) Inflammatory bowel disease 33 (5.43) Vascular ectasias 14 (2.30) Other colonic disease 40 (6.58) Small-intestine…
Fig. 41.1 The drawing demonstrates the incision made at the root of the right colon mesentery just caudal to the third portion of the duodenum to the right of the…
Fig. 45.1 (a) A primary T3N0M0 rectal cancer treated with a lower anterior resection without adjuvant therapy. The anterior recurrent tumor fixed at the base of the bladder was treated…
Location Morphology Number of quadrants involved Degree of fixation Mobility Extrarectal growths Direct continuity with other structures (vagina) DRE alone is considered inadequate in the staging of rectal cancer. Rectal…
Fig. 47.1 Schematic illustrating the multistep process involved in the development of metastasis (With permission from DeVita VT Jr., Hellman S, Rosenberg SA. Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 6th…
1. Ensure good blood supply (pulsatile bleeding from marginal artery at level of anastomosis) 2. Ensure tension-free anastomosis by complete mobilization of splenic flexure (includes high ligation of inferior mesenteric artery and…
