Abdominal Key

Fig. 45.1 (a) A primary T3N0M0 rectal cancer treated with a lower anterior resection without adjuvant therapy. The anterior recurrent tumor fixed at the base of the bladder was treated…

Location Morphology Number of quadrants involved Degree of fixation Mobility Extrarectal growths Direct continuity with other structures (vagina) DRE alone is considered inadequate in the staging of rectal cancer. Rectal…

Fig. 47.1 Schematic illustrating the multistep process involved in the development of metastasis (With permission from DeVita VT Jr., Hellman S, Rosenberg SA. Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 6th…

1. Ensure good blood supply (pulsatile bleeding from marginal artery at level of anastomosis) 2. Ensure tension-free anastomosis by complete mobilization of splenic flexure (includes high ligation of inferior mesenteric artery and…

Fig. 32.1 Bristol Stool Scale (Adapted with permission from Lewis and Heaton, © 1997 Informa Healthcare. Reproduced with permission) Etiologies of Constipation Diet affects the size, consistency, and frequency of…

Fig. 12.1 Examination revealing an anal fissure The differential diagnosis includes perianal abscess, anal fistula, inflammatory bowel disease, a sexually transmitted disease, and anal carcinoma. Atypical fissures (off the midline,…

Common   Ovaries 60–75 % Uterosacral ligaments 30–65 % Cul-de-sac 20–30 % Uterus 4–20 % Rectosigmoid colon 3–10 % Less common   Appendix 2 % Ureter 1–2 % Terminal ileum…

Fig. 51.1 By 2019, national health spending is expected to reach $4.5 trillion and comprise 19.3 % of gross domestic product (GDP) With the advent of the resource-based relative value…

Fig. 14.1 Endorectal advancement flap. (a) The patient is placed in the prone position. (b) A U-shaped flap of mucosa, submucosa, and internal sphincter is raised. (c) The dissection is…