Fig. 5.1. Histologic and ultrasound correlation of the GI wall concentric layers. 1. Mucosa/interface (clear line); 2. Deep mucosa (lamina propria, muscularis mucosa) (dark line); 3. Submucosa (clear line); 4.Muscularis…
Fig. 6.1. Radial EUS showing the five circumferential layers of the normal rectal wall. (Courtesy of Drs. Vikesh K. Singh and Vivek Kumbhari, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Maryland, USA) ERUS-FNA,…
Fig. 4.1. Nodal cancer staging. Ultrasound features of benign (a) and suspicious (b, calipers) lymph nodes Table 4.1. Nodal staging sonographic criteria (Fig. 4.1) N0 Sonographic feature N1 < 1 cm Size > 1 cm…
Fig. 2.1. Echoendoscope with radial transducer. (Olympus GF-UE 160, Olympus America, Center Valley, PA) Fig. 2.2. Echoendoscope with linear transducer. (Olympus GF-UC140P, Olympus America, Center Valley, PA) Fig. 2.3. A…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015Ricardo H. Bardales (ed.)Cytology of the Mediastinum and Gut Via Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided AspirationEssentials in Cytopathology2510.1007/978-3-319-12796-5_1 1. General Considerations of EUS and EUS-FNA Ricardo H. Bardales1 (1) Pathology and Cytopathology, Outpatient…
Countries IH-CCA cases/100,000 EH-CCA cases/100,000 Thai regions 1.05–51.45 0.15–0.3 Chinese regions 0.2–7.45 0–1.4 Korean regions 3.95–4.55 3.15–4.2 Taiwan 4.1 0.6 Japanese regions 1.25–1.3 1.8–2.1 Singapore 1.1 0.35 Philippines 1.1 0.1…
Cirrhosis with ascites Serum creatinine > 133 µmol/L (1.5 mg/dl) No improvement of serum creatinine (decrease to a level of ≤133 µmol/L) after at least 2 days with diuretic withdrawal and volume…
Fig. 31.1 The diagnosis of osteoporosis is based on densitometric criteria (a). Severe osteoporosis is diagnosed when besides the densitometric criteria there are one or more fragility fractures (b) This…
Fig. 14.1 Proposed pathogenesis of hypervolemic hyponatremia in cirrhosis. Portal hypertension causes splanchnic vasodilatation with subsequent activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS), and a nonosmotic…
Fig. 22.1 Age-adjusted incidence of liver cancer worldwide, by geographical distribution. (Adapted with permission from GLOBOCAN 2012 [1]) Table 22.1 Estimated incidence and mortality of the most common cancers worldwide…
