, Jenny Rex2 and Patrick Stewart3 (1) Department of Colorectal Surgery, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia (2) Stomotherapy Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia (3) University of NSW…
Reduced Bladder sensation Detrusor contractility Ability to postpone urination Urinary flow rates (Females) estrogen causing atrophy of urothelium and vaginal mucosa Increased Involuntary detrusor contractions Post-void residuals Nocturnal urine production…
Fig. 2.1 Urinary sphincters in the male and female. BN bladder neck, BU bulbar urethra, EUS external (rhabdo) sphincter, P prostate, PPL puboprostatic ligament, PUL pubourethral ligament, SV seminal vesicle…
1. Conservative (a) Bladder training 2. Anticholinergics (antimuscarinics) (a) Non-uroselective i. Oxybutynin ii. Propantheline (b) Uroselective i. Solifenacin ii. Darifenacin iii. Fesoterodine iv. Trospium v. Propiverine 3. Surgical (a) Botulinum toxin A (b) S3 sacral neuromodulation…
Fig. 1.1 Global prevalence of incontinence (Based on findings from Minassian et al., Urinary Incontinence as a Worldwide Problem (Minassian et al. 2003)) Urinary incontinence increases with age. The prevalence…
Fig. 16.1 Energy balance and body composition. FFM fat-free mass, FM fat mass, VAT visceral adipose tissue, SAT subcutaneous adipose tissue Total energy expenditure (TEE) is divided into resting and…
Area Scale Preferred procedure Arms 0 Normal None 1 Adiposity with good skin tone ultrasound assisted lipoplasty (UAL)and/or standard assisted lipoplasty (SAL) 2 Loose, hanging skin without severe adiposity Brachioplasty…
Fig. 24.1 The procedure involves the placement of a silicone-made ring around the upper portion of the stomach in order to isolate a small (20–30 ml) proximal gastric pouch which…
Parameters Determinant factors Desirable weight Body composition: lean body mass (LBM)/fatty mass (FM) Basal metabolic rate (BMR) Sex Conservative approach Normative approach Age Height BMR is calculated utilizing the actual…
Fig. 27.1 The three components of weight loss lifestyle modification programmes 27.3.1 Dietary Recommendations Weight loss lifestyle modification programmes recommend a low-fat, (relatively) high-carbohydrate, low-calorie diet aimed at inducing a…
