The Normal Liver
CHAPTER 3 The Normal Liver Structures and components Functional units and nomenclature Under the low power of the light microscope, normal liver is seen to have a regular structure based…
Assessment and Differential Diagnosis of Pathological Features
CHAPTER 4 Assessment and Differential Diagnosis of Pathological Features Initial examination and reporting Naked-eye examination and description of biopsy specimens Although naked-eye examination and description are of limited diagnostic value,…
General Principles of Biopsy Assessment
CHAPTER 1 General Principles of Biopsy Assessment Introduction Liver biopsy is one of many diagnostic tools used in the evaluation and management of patients with liver disease. It continues to…
Laboratory Techniques
CHAPTER 2 Laboratory Techniques Processing of the specimen As soon as a needle biopsy specimen is obtained from the patient it should be expelled gently into fixative or onto a…
Duplex Examination of the Hemodialysis Access
Failure of autogenous vein maturation Thrombosis Inadequate arterial inflow Impaired venous outflow Infection Hematoma, seroma, lymphocele Pseudoaneurysms Arterial steal (hand ischemia) Venous hypertension (limb swelling) High-output cardiac failure Duplex Ultrasound…
Current Hemodialysis Techniques
Fig. 19.1 Needle gauge size for a hemodialysis treatment range from 17-gauge needles for slower blood flow rates (250 mL/min) and initiating dialysis with a new arteriovenous fistula, up to…
Hemodialysis Grafts
(1) Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA (2) Humacyte Incorporated, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA (3) Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical…
Preoperative Considerations and Imaging
History assessment Relevance Dominant arm Use of nondominant arm is preferred to minimize negative impact on quality of life History of previous central venous catheter Associated with central venous stenosis…
The Hemodialysis Reliable Outflow (HeRO) Graft
Fig. 32.1 Forearm Scribner shunt, VA Hospital, Bronx, NY 1964 (Courtesy of Dr. Lawson) Fig. 32.2 Early Graftcath device. Note: Venous outflow component without nitinol reinforcement (generation 2) (Used with…
The Thrombosed Hemodialysis Access
Fig. 35.1 Intimal hyperplasia at the distal anastomosis of a prosthetic graft (left) to a vein (right) Causes of Access Failure Thrombosis of arteriovenous access is related to the same…
