Abdominal Key

Fig. 4.1 Spinal and vagal innervation of the gastrointestinal tract. Upper portion: sensory information from vagal receptors is carried by vagal afferent nerves (1) with nerve cell bodies in the…

and Annamaria Staiano2   (1) Section of Pediatrics, Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy (2) Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples…

Fig. 50.1 Laparotomy for chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction Performing intestinal full-thickness biopsies at different levels for histopathologic analysis Performing an enterostomy according to the level of intestinal distension In reality, in…

Reference n Mean age (range) Number of reflux episodes/24 h Reflux index (% time pH < 4) (%) Infants Vandenplas et al. [14] 509 2 months (0–11 month) 73 11.7…

Diagnostic criteriaa must include all of the following: 1. Excessive air swallowing 2. Abdominal distention due to intraluminal air which increases during the day 3. Repetitive belching and/or increased flatus 4. After appropriate evaluation,…

Fig. 13.1 Schematic diagram of a barostat and catheter Because visceral sensitivity relies on wall pressure and not on volume of the organ [1, 2], sensory thresholds should be expressed…

Fig. 11.1 (a) HRM color plot of a normal liquid swallow in a 5-year-old child. Pressure is an indication according to color code illustrated. (b) Lateral radiological view of the…

and Nikhil Thapar3   (1) Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (2) Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK (3) Division of Neurogastroenterology and…

Central effects   1. Reduces pain perception at the sensory cortex   2. Reduces anxiety, hyper-vigilance, and increased stress responsiveness   3. Treats associated psychiatric disorders—depression, PTSD, somatization   4. Treats sleep disorders   5….

Fig. 1.1 The organization of the ENS of human and medium–large mammals . The ENS has ganglionated plexuses, the myenteric plexus between the longitudinal and circular layers of the external…