Viral Hepatitis: Hepatitis C
Persons born between 1945 and 1965 Persons with risk behaviors, exposures, and conditions associated with an increased risk of HCV infection • Risk behaviors – Injection-drug use (current or ever) – Intranasal illicit…
Liver Resection
Grade ECOG 0 Fully active, able to carry all pre-disease performance without restriction 1 Restricted in physically strenuous activity but ambulatory and able to carry out work of a light…
Viral Hepatitis: Hepatitis A and E
Fig. 9.1 Annual number of cases of hepatitis A in the USA according to the CDC Worldwide, approximately 1.5 million clinical cases of hepatitis A occur annually but the rate…
Metabolic and Genetic Liver Diseases: Hemochromatosis
Fig. 20.1 Clinical algorithm for the evaluation of possible HFE-related hereditary hemochromatosis The recommended cutoff for TS is 45 %—higher values are considered abnormal and warrant further evaluation. Note that…
Autoimmune Liver Diseases: Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Fig. 16.1 Asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis: a study of its natural history and prognosis. Spring J, Cauch-Dudek K, O’Rourke K, et al. Am J Gastro. 1999; 94(1): 47–53 Fig. 16.2…
Endoscopic Management of Portal Hypertension
Management No varices Repeat endoscopy in 3 years (sooner if decompensation occurs) Small varices In a CTP B/C patient or varices with red signs Nonselective β-blockers (propranolol or nadolol)…
Drug-Induced Liver Injury
Phenotype Histological features Example agents Acute fatty liver with lactic acidosis Microvesicular hepatic steatosis ± other tissue involvement Didanosine, Fialuridine, Valproate Acute hepatic necrosis Collapse and necrosis of liver parenchyma…
Metabolic and Genetic Liver Diseases: Alpha-1 Anti-trypsin Deficiency
Phenotype Alpha-1 antirtypsin serum level (% of normal) [36] Risk of emphysema Risk of liver disease Pi*ZZ 12–15 % High High Pi*MZ 69–85 % Minimally increased Slightly increased Pi*SZ 33–39…
Alcoholic Liver Disease
Fig. 13.1 Mechanisms for ALD: “2nd Hit” Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation Oxidative stress is an imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants (Reviewed-[5]). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species…
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Insulin resistance Alcohol Medications (corticosteroids, amiodarone, tamoxifen, methotrexate, anti-retrovirals, valproic acid) Starvation Total parenteral nutrition Wilson Disease Hepatitis C virus infection (genotype 3) Lipodystrophy Organic solvents Abetalipoproteinemia Acute fatty liver…
