The History of Focused Ultrasound Therapy in Urology
Fig. 22.1 (a, b) Principle of HIFU for prostate treatment: Prostate treatment is performed by the repetition and juxtaposition of several elementary lesions HIFU in Animal Models In 1989 a…
History and Development of Robotics in Urology
Fig. 20.1 Humanoid automaton , designed by Leonardo da Vinci, it is believed to be able to perform several human-like motions However the word robot wasn’t coined until 1923 by…
The Birth of Endourology
Fig. 7.1 Steps required to pull a Gibbons stent into the ureter Shortly after we treated this patient, we had another whose kidney was obstructed by a ureteroileal stone. Once…
History of Transurethral Resection and Fulguration of Bladder Tumors
Year Individual Innovation 1806 P. Bozzini Lichtleiter 1853 A. J. Desormeaux First endoscopic operation—extraction of urethral papilloma 1873 G. Trouve Polyscope—electroendoscopy 1876 D. Rutenberg Blasenspiegel—air cystoscopy 1877 M. Nitze Cystoscope…
Development of the Ureteroscope
Fig. 4.1 Stones could be broken ureteroscopically using the tactile technique. The stone was visualized, grasped in a basket and pulled to the tip of the ureteroscope. The ultrasound probe…
History and Development of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering in Urology
Fig. 25.1 Neo-urethra implantation and clinical outcome. (a) A cell-seeded graft sutured to the normal urethral margins from the first patient. (b) Voiding cystourethrograms of all five patients before surgery…
Prostate Cancer and Radiation Therapy: A History
Fig. 14.1 (a) Ancient Scythian with metastatic prostate cancer to bone. (b) Marie Curie visiting New York City. (c) The Proton Accelerator at M.D. Anderson’s Cancer Center Prostate cancer is…
History of Cystoscopy
Fig. 2.1 The founding fathers of endoscopy. (a) Philipp Bozzini and his Lichtleiter, (b) Pierre Salamon Ségalas and his speculum urethra-cystique, (c) John Dix Fisher and his early American endoscope,…
History of Optics in Endourology
Fig. 3.1 Bozzini’s Lichleiter with one aperture for the user and one for light conductors (By Philipp Bozzini (1773–1809) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons; By Countincr at en.wikipedia (Transferred from…
Development and Application of Histotripsy
Fig. 23.1 A transverse section of a red blood cell prostate phantom (left) treated with histotripsy in a “plus” pattern. Lysis of the red blood cells (lighter region) is a…
