Urinary Tract Obstructio n

May 7, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Urinary Tract Obstructio n
Key points • Hydronephrosis and obstructive uropathy are not interchangeable terms—dilatation of the renal pelvis and calices can occur without obstruction, and urinary tract obstruction may occur in the absence…
read more

Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis and Antiglomerular Basement Membrane Disease

May 7, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis and Antiglomerular Basement Membrane Disease
Key Points • Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody glomerulonephritis is present in 70% of AAV patients, while kidney involvement in antiglomerular basement membrane disease is almost 100%. • Antiglomerular basement membrane disease…
read more

Infection-Related Glomerulonephritis

May 7, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Infection-Related Glomerulonephritis
Key Points The umbrella term “infection-related glomerulonephritis (IRGN)” includes glomerular diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. While bacteria are commonly associated with IRGNs in industrialized countries, chronic parasitic…
read more

Genetics of Kidney Disease

May 7, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Genetics of Kidney Disease
Key Points • A precise genetic diagnosis in a patient with Mendelian disease can provide diagnostic and prognostic information for the patient and allow predictive testing to be offered to…
read more

Prevention and Management of Acute Kidney Injury

May 7, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Prevention and Management of Acute Kidney Injury
Key Points • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a pleomorphic syndrome defined by rapid loss of kidney function that has multiple etiologies and clinical manifestations. • Clinically, acute kidney injury…
read more

Complement-Mediated Kidney Diseases

May 7, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Complement-Mediated Kidney Diseases
Key Points • In several diseases the tight homeostasis of the complement system is disrupted and results in overactivation of the complement system by genetic alterations, autoantibodies, or immune-complex formation….
read more

Kidney Cancer

May 7, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Kidney Cancer
Key Points • Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is diagnosed in approximately 81,000 patients per year in the United States. • Many more patients will be incidentally found to have a…
read more

Kidney Lesions Associated With Dysproteinemias

May 7, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Kidney Lesions Associated With Dysproteinemias
Key Points • Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance is the clonal disorder that causes monoclonal immunoglobulin–induced kidney diseases that do not meet criteria for multiple myeloma or high-grade lymphoma. •…
read more

Tubulointerstitial Diseases

May 7, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Tubulointerstitial Diseases
Key points • Tubulointerstitial diseases are a relatively common cause of acute kidney injury (10%–20% of cases) and are likely to be a significant unrecognized cause of chronic kidney disease…
read more
Get Clinical Tree app for offline access