Abstract Surgical procedures using electrosurgery can be undertaken within the uterine cavity to address excessive menstrual blood loss and to enhance fertility. The insertion of specialised electrodes down hysteroscopic instruments…
Abstract Hysteroscopy is safe and effective and can greatly reduce morbidity and enhance recovery compared with conventional open procedures. Furthermore, it can minimise the inherent risks of general anaesthesia and…
Abstract Improved hysteroscopic technology has enabled clinicians not only to perform diagnostic outpatient hysteroscopy but also to treat uterine lesions. Bipolar diathermy electrodes have reduced the risk of fluid overload,…
Abstract Hysteroscopy can be used to diagnose endometrial and structural cavity pathologies associated with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and reproductive failure. Optimal interpretation of hysteroscopic findings requires an understanding of…
Abstract This chapter covers the process of performing hysteroscopy, paying close attention to optimising patient comfort and maximising the effectiveness of the procedure. Tips are provided for successfully inserting the…
Abstract Pain is subjective. The level of pain a person experiences is affected not only by the painful stimulus but also by the person’s psychological interpretation of the pain and…
Abstract The first part of this chapter has been written with the patient’s journey in mind: from the time of presentation to the general practitioner (GP) with a problem such…
Abstract The uterus is the primary female reproductive organ. It is situated within the pelvis and measures approximately 8 cm in length, 4 cm in width and 5 cm in depth in the…
Abstract Over the ages, clinicians have tried to decipher the mysteries of the human body by exploiting natural openings to examine the internal aspects of organs. Since as far back…
Abstract The upper gastrointestinal tract consists of oesophagus, stomach, and duodenum. These are distinct from one another histologically. The lining of the oesophagus consists mainly of non-keratinising stratified squamous epithelium,…
