Review Examination
Chapter 1 1. A healthy individual weighs 50 kg. What is the volume of this individual’s extracellular fluid compartment? a. 2.5 L b. 7.5 L c. 10.0 L d. 20.0…
Answers to Integrative Case Studies
Case 1 1a. The ECF volume of this man is increased above normal. The presence of edema, distention of the neck veins, and rales (sounds related to fluid in the…
Answers to Self-Study Problems
Chapter 1 1. Molarity (mmol/L) Osmolality (mOsm/kg H 2 O) 9 g NaCl 154 308 72 g Glucose 400 400 22.2 g CaCl 2 200 600 3 g Urea 50…
Nephron Function
Summary By Transport Process TABLE C.1 Na + and Cl − Reabsorption Nephron Segment Mechanism Regulation Proximal tubule Na + -H + antiport, Na + -solute symporters, Cl – -HCO…
Normal Laboratory Values
Traditional Units SI Units Arterial Blood Gases P co 2 33-44 mm Hg 4.4-5.9 kPa P o 2 75-105 mm Hg 10.0-14.0 kPa pH 7.35-7.45 [H + ] 36-44 nmol/L…
Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Homeostasis
Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to answer the following questions: • What is the physiologic importance of Ca ++ and inorganic phosphate (P i…
Physiology of Diuretic Action
Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to answer the following questions: • What effects do diuretics have on Na + handling by the kidneys? •…
Regulation of Potassium Balance
Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to answer the following questions: • How does the body maintain K + homeostasis? • What is the distribution…
Renal Transport Mechanisms: NaCl and Water Reabsorption Along the Nephron
Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to answer the following questions: • What three processes are involved in the production of urine? • What is…
Physiology of Body Fluids
Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to answer the following questions : • How do body fluid compartments differ with respect to their volumes and…
