Undescended Testes—Cryptorchidism
Undescended Testes—Cryptorchidism Guy A. Bogaert I. DEFINITION The testis is “undescended” if it is not in the scrotum or cannot be brought there during physical examination. Cryptorchidism means hidden or…
Hypospadias
Hypospadias Laurence S. Baskin I. INTRODUCTION A. Hypospadias is a congenital defect of the penis, resulting in incomplete development of the anterior urethra, corpora spongiosum, and prepuce (foreskin). B. Clinically,…
Circumcision
Circumcision Laurence S. Baskin Karla M. Giramonti I. THE ORIGINS OF CIRCUMCISION A. Egyptian artifacts date circumcision to 6,000 years ago. B. Four thousand years ago the Old Testament references…
Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy
Since the introduction of laparoscopic adrenalectomy in 1992, it has rapidly become the gold standard for surgical management of adrenal pathology. In this chapter, we describe current indications and techniques…
Laparoscopic and Robotic-Assisted Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection
Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) allows for the accurate diagnosis of retroperitoneal disease in patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT), thereby permitting stage-directed therapy. In patients with low-volume retroperitoneal…
Preperitoneal Robotic-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy
The preperitoneal (also referred to as an extraperitoneal or retroperitoneal) approach to performing a robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) aims to mimic access obtained during an open retropubic radical prostatectomy technique,…
Continent Urinary Diversion
Urinary diversion is a necessity after cystectomy. For the proper candidate, continent urinary diversion (CUD) may offer significant quality-of-life advantages. Several versions of continent diversion have been described, including the…
Laparoscopic/Robotic Camera and Lens Systems
It has been said that exposure is key for open surgery. Similarly, the imaging platform used in endoscopic surgery, whether it is laparoscopic or robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery, is a key…
Complications of Laparoscopic and Robotic-Assisted Surgery
The benefit of any surgical intervention is weighed against the risk of complications. Although experience is of obvious importance, not even the most veteran surgeon is immune to complications that…
Basic Instrumentation
With ubiquitous adoption of laparoscopic surgery in many surgical disciplines, a wide variety of laparoscopic instruments are available in operating rooms. Herein we describe commonly useful laparoscopic instruments as well…
