Signs and symptoms • Coughing, choking, gagging with or after feeds • Wheezing, noisy or wet breathing • Blue spells, apneas, bradycardias • Feeding refusal, arching during feeds • Voice changes • Tearing and red eyes…
• Personal history of atopic disease especially occurring early in life (under 6 months of age) • Family history of atopic disease in parents or siblings • Presenting symptoms and signs indicative of…
Refluxate toxicity Gastric acid secretion Duodenogastric reflux Intrinsic gastric volume and pressure Gastric compliance Gastric emptying Gastric acid volume secretion Extrinsic pressure on gastric contents Weight (obesity) Somatic motor tone…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017Christophe Faure, Nikhil Thapar and Carlo Di Lorenzo (eds.)Pediatric Neurogastroenterology10.1007/978-3-319-43268-7_6 6. Integration of Biomedical and Psychosocial Issues in Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal and Motility Disorders Miranda A. L. van Tilburg1 (1) Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,…
Gallbladder stones CBD stones Cholesterol stone (%) 58.3 31.1 Bilirubin stone Black pigment stone (%) 23.7 11.8 Brown pigment stone (%) 15.9 54.3 Others (%) 2.1 2.8 6.3 Cholesterol…
Fig. 5.1 Molecular diagram of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), nor-ursodeoxycholic acid (NorUDCA), obeticholic acid (OCA), INT-777, cholestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam-HCl, colestimide, and ezetimibe Approximately 90–95% of bile acids (except…
Fig. 8.1 Etiology of PSC Three ulcerative colitis (UC) susceptibility loci associated with PSC, harboring the putative candidate genes REL, IL2, and CARD9, have been identified [6]. A study reported…
Fig. 11.1 Bar charts of five bile acids that are differentially expressed among patients with Child–Pugh A, B, and C cirrhosis. Serum levels of GCA, GCDCA, TCA, TCDCA, and GUDCA…
Fig. 15.1 FXR-dependent metabolic regulation. FXR signaling regulates lipid and glucose metabolism. FXR signaling reduces lipogenesis (SREBP1c) and induces fatty acid β oxidation (PPARα) and plasma TG clearance (LPL and…
Fig. 10.1 Bile acid receptors (FXR, TGR5) and metabolic regulation in the liver. FXR is expressed in hepatocytes in the liver. TGR5 is expressed in LSECs and Kupffer cells in…
