(1) Gastroenterology and hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, People’s Republic Abstract In our practice of treating esophageal achalasia with tunnel technique, we found that the morphology of…
(1) Gastroenterology and hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, People’s Republic Abstract The principle of digestive endoscopic tunnel technique is to establish a tunnel between mucosa and muscularis…
(1) Gastroenterology and hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, People’s Republic Abstract The indications of tunnel technique, of which we cannot yet describe a complete list, should be…
Fig. 21.1 Relationship of pelvic structures to presacral space This space extends superiorly to the peritoneal reflection and inferiorly to the rectosacral fascia and the supralevator space. Laterally, the area…
Fig. 29.1 Continent ileostomy. (a) Three limbs of small bowel are measured, and the bowel wall is sutured together. (b) After opening the bowel (see the dotted lines in a),…
Fig. 34.1 Endoscopic appearance of gonococcal proctitis. Notice the mucopurulent discharge Culture for N. gonorrhoeae requires a Thayer–Martin chocolate agar and remains the “gold standard” for diagnosis. Antimicrobial treatment must…
Fig. 37.1 Colorectal cancer viewed broadly Non-syndromic hereditary colorectal cancer refers to familial clustering that does not fit criteria for the definition of a syndrome and no germ line mutation…
Symptom Differential diagnoses Pain Thrombosed hemorrhoids, fissure, abscess, fistula, pruritus, anorectal Crohn’s disease, anismus, abscess Bleeding Internal or external hemorrhoids, fissure, fistula, hypertrophic papilla, polyps, anal or colorectal cancer, ulcerative…
Fig. 7.1 Five-layer anatomic model of an ERUS scan. Three hyperechoic (white) layers and two hypoechoic (black) layers are visualized. A anterior, L left, P posterior, R right, T transducer…
