© The Author(s) 2016Alaa Hamada, Sandro C. Esteves and Ashok AgarwalVaricocele and Male InfertilitySpringerBriefs in Reproductive Biology10.1007/978-3-319-24936-0_10 10. Cost-Effectiveness of Varicocele Treatment Alaa Hamada1 , Sandro C. Esteves2 and Ashok Agarwal3 (1) TUFTS Medical School/St. Elizabeths Medical Center, Boston, MA,…
Study Patients Postoperative markers of oxidative stress Postoperative antioxidants Conclusions Mostafa et al. (2001) [64] n = 68 men undergoing varicocelectomy At 3 and 6 months, seminal malondialdehyde (both P = 0.0001), H2O2 (both…
Studies Patients no Design Therapy Diagnostic method Outcomes Unal 2001 [244] 42 infertile men with subclinical varicocele RCT Group 1: (n = 21) Clomiphene citrate Group 2 (n = 21) Varicocele repair CDU Sperm…
Fig. 1.1 Photograph of a large left varicocele seen through the scrotal skin (left). Illustration of varicose veins on the left spermatic cord as compared to normal sized-veins on the…
Fig. 26.1 A retrograde ureteropyelogram demonstrates a 3 cm ureteral tumor After examining the lower urinary tract, the entire upper urinary tract is thoroughly surveyed using one of two “no…
Fig. 25.1 Cross-section view of a flexible ureteroscope showing the optical system and 3.6 Fr working channel (a). Figure 23.1a from Cohen JH, Grasso III, M. Ureteroscopy for Upper Ureteric…
Fig. 4.1 Retrograde pyelogram showing a left ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction from a high insertion of the left ureter When intervention is indicated, the reference standard has historically been open…
Fig. 19.1 Operating Room Setup Schematic: (1) GU imaging capable operating table with stirrups attached, (2) Anesthesia equipment, (3) IV pole with 4 hooks, (4) Fluoroscope, (5) Laser, (6) Endoscopy…
Fig. 31.1 (a) Preoperative KUB demonstrated a 6 × 8 mm lower pole renal stone. (b) Postoperative KUB demonstrated no residual stone in kidney Fig. 31.2 Postoperative KUB demonstrates a…
Fig. 16.1 Examples of Dormia helical stone baskets: (a) Bagley (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA, USA). Courtesy of Boston Scientific. (b) Dormia basket with filiform tip With the introduction of percutaneous…
