High Sperm DNA Damage
Sperm DNA damage reduces pregnancy rates in couples undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Because it has been shown that testicular sperm have lower DNA damage than ejaculated sperm, it is an…
Testicular Mapping
Guiding a couple with nonobstructive azoospermia requires an integrated approach to care by the urologist and the reproductive endocrinologist. After informing the couple of the implications of the diagnosis, care…
Sperm Extraction in Obstructive Azoospermia
For men with obstructive azoospermia, several surgical sperm retrieval techniques can facilitate conception with assisted reproductive technology. The evolution of both percutaneous and open approaches to sperm retrieval has been…
Optimal Endocrine Evaluation and Treatment of Male Infertility
This article aims to define the optimal endocrine workup of male factor infertility, including evaluation and treatment of men who have previously been on exogenous testosterone or anabolic steroids. Future…
