Endoscopic Feeding Techniques
Fig.7.1 Localization of feeding tubes at the upper GI tract (Jet-PEG PEG with jejunal port) Tubes’ nomenclature: Tubes to be inserted manually: Nasogastric tubes: – Nasogastric Tubes to be inserted…
Endoscopic Resection Methods
Fig. 1.1 Pit pattern classification according to Kudo They don’t replace (yet) the histopathological exam. The need for pre-therapeutic biopsies is under debate. For the confirmation of the existence of a…
Proctological Interventions
Fig. 9.1 a, b Segmental, third grade hemorrhoidal prolapse (digital reposition possible) The staging of hemorrhoids is carried out by thorough history taking and a meticulous proctological examination. In this…
ERCP
Biliary interventions Therapeutic intention Choledocholithiasis Stone extraction Lithotripsy Restoration of biliary drainage Cholestasis Restoration of biliary drainage Biliary pancreatitis Stone extraction Cholangitis Restoration of biliary drainage Stenosis Dilatation Bougienage Stenting…
Combined Laparoscopic–Endoscopic Procedures
Fig. 10.1 a Hourglass-shaped gastrointestinal stromal tumor located in the gastric fundus that appears by endoscopic assessment to be endoluminally growing. b Endosonographic finding that obviously supports endoscopic assessment. c…
EUS-Guided Interventions: Indications, Contraindications, and Risks
Mediastinum Primary diagnosis lung cancer: Cytohistological diagnosis of lung cancer, lymph node metastasis, distant mets Mediastinal lymph node staging: histologic proof of N2 or N3 situation (NSCLC); proof of any…
Endoscopic Bleeding Control
Fig. 3.1 a Visible vessel within a Dieulafoy’s lesion of the antrum. b Endoscopic bleeding control with clip application Mallory-Weiss lesions, esophageal varices, and malignancies within the upper GI tract…
Endoscopic Recanalization Techniques
Fig. 2.1 Tools for gastrointestinal dilation. a Savary–Gilliard dilator. b Maloney dilator. c balloon dilator In addition to endoscopic standard equipment, a fluoroscopy unit should be available, even though many…
Endoscopic Interventions for Anastomotic Leaks and Fistulas
Grade 1: Any deviation from the normal postoperative course without the need for pharmacological treatment or surgical, endoscopic, and radiological interventions Grade 2: Requiring pharmacological treatment with drugs other than…
Endoscopic Extraction of Foreign Bodies
Fig. 8.1 Razor blade Fig. 8.2 Drug parcel in the stomach A rigid endoscopy, as used routinely in ENT, is usually not indicated. It should only be applied after failure…
