PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSIS The clinical manifestations of PIGN are variable and depend on characteristics of both host and pathogen. Poststreptococcal disease (PSGN) classically presents as a child aged 5 to…
Plate 3-5 SECRETION AND REABSORPTION As filtered fluid passes through the nephron, solutes may undergo reabsorption from the tubular fluid to the interstitium and capillaries, as well as secretion in…
Once IgA binds to the mesangium, it may stimulate mesangial cell proliferation and trigger mesangial cell release of proinflammatory mediators, such as interleukin 6 and TNF-α, as well as profibrogenic…
In secondary MN, treatment centers on removal of the underlying cause, after which there is often a complete remission of proteinuria within several months. PROGNOSIS Patients with idiopathic MN who…
If appropriate treatment is not provided, a significant portion of patients with primary FSGS will progress to ESRD. Only a small minority of patients experience complete spontaneous remission. Patients who…
Patients with MN are at increased risk of renal vein thrombosis, even among other patients with nephrotic syndrome. This complication affects up to one in five patients in some series….
Plate 3-4 GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (Continued) CALCULATION OF GFR In clinical practice, it is not possible to measure hydrostatic or oncotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries or in Bowman’s space….
More than half of adult MCD patients will have a relapse during their lifetime, and up to one in four will become a frequent relapser, experiencing more than three episodes…
Several histologic variants of FSGS can be distinguished, including classic FSGS (also known as FSGS not otherwise specified), perihilar variant, glomerular tip variant, cellular variant, and collapsing variant. It is…
Lifestyle changes are also important. Patients should adopt a low-salt diet to reduce edema and improve blood pressure control. Exercise may help mobilize edema and allow natural diuresis, as well…
