Fabry Disease
PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSIS Most patients begin to experience some of the previous symptoms during childhood. The diagnosis of Fabry disease should be suspected in the setting of a positive family…
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura: Diagnostic Criteria
PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSIS The major features include palpable, nonblanching purpura (often on the lower extremities), nonerosive oligoarthritis, renal disease, and gastrointestinal disease. Most patients, however, do not exhibit all four…
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura: Additional Clinical Features
PROGNOSIS After the initial episode resolves, about one third experience bouts of disease recurrence, which are usually mild and occur during the first several months after presentation. Patients should thus…
Preeclampsia: HELLP Syndrome and Eclampsia
PROGNOSIS Preeclampsia typically resolves within several days postpartum, but symptoms can sometimes persist for weeks or more. Patients should be carefully monitored for the duration of their postpartum hospitalization and…
Preeclampsia: Renal Pathology
PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSIS In most cases, preeclampsia is detected during routine blood pressure screening and urine dipstick. Because of primary renal retention of salt and water, patients may have edema…
Preeclampsia: Clinical Definition and Potential Mechanism of Pathogenesis
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Despite intense research, the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia remains poorly understood. Current evidence, however, suggests there is abnormal remodeling of the uterine spiral arteries, and that the resulting placental ischemia…
HIV-Associated Nephropathy: Electron Microscopy Findings
PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSIS In the early years of the AIDS epidemic, before anti retroviral therapy, the classic clinical presentation o HIVAN was rapidly progressive renal failure accompanied by moderate to…
HIV-Associated Nephropathy: Mechanisms of Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy
Related posts: Renal Ascent and Ectopia: Thoracic and Crossed Ectopic Kidney Renal Handling of Sodium and Chloride: Nephron Sites of Sodium Reabsorption Glomerular Filtration Rate: Calculation Hepatorenal Syndrome: Proposed Pathophysiology…
Acid-Base Balance: Roles of Chemical Buffers, Lungs, and Kidneys in Acid-Base Handling
In this manner, the constant generation of carbon dioxide could lead to a significant acid load. Because carbon dioxide is a volatile gas, however, it can be excreted from the…
HIV-Associated Nephropathy: Light Microscopy Findings
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY HIVAN is caused by direct infection of renal epithelial cells by the HIV-1 virus, leading to viral gene expression. RNA in situ hybridization and DNA in situ polymerase chain…
