Abdominal Key

Fig. 4.1 Spectrum of morphologic changes in the cirrhotic liver. (a) Nodular liver contour and fissural widening, in this case the fissure for the ligamentum venosum (*). Ascites is also…

Fig. 7.1 The different routes to measure the portal pressure. Catheterization of one of the hepatic veins via the transjugular approach to measure the free and wedged hepatic venous pressure…

Fig. 26.1 Hepatic vein measurements and gradients Diseases causing PH in children can be classified according to the aforementioned pressure-gradient table, which places patients into two principle groups – those…

Sonographic risk Sonographic features Risk of malignancy (%) Size threshold for FNA High Hypoechoic solid or solid component with one or more of following findings: infiltrative margins, microlobular margins, MC,…

Fig. 14.1 Common bariatric procedures. Reprinted with permission, Cleveland Clinic Center for Medical Art & Photography © 2006-2016. All Rights Reserved Fig. 14.2 Outcome of bariatric surgery in obesity-related comorbidities….

Injury severity score Cirrhotic pts Noncirrhotic pts Odds ratio ≤15 29% 5% 8.00* 16–25 56% 11% 10.00* >25 70% 75% NS *p < 0.05 Fig. 27.1 Survival in cirrhotic trauma…

Fig. 21.1 Hypothetical scheme of ammonia-HE-induced astrocyte swelling. Note the interconversion between ammonia and glutamine and that both result in the formation of ROS. While the role of aquaporin-4 (AQP-4)…

Component Purpose Specific elements Physical assessment Determine general nutrition condition including fat and muscle stores and fluid retention Is the patient of appropriate weight for stature? Does the patient have…

Cytokine Source Role in fibrogenesis TGF-β1 Main source is HSCs (autocrine loop). Other source: KCs, Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and hepatocytes [32] Smad3 signaling to activate HSCs [33]  Expression of…