Abdominal Key

Kidney stones >2 cm Cystine kidney stones ≥1.5 cm Lower pole stones >1.5 cm or with an unfavourable infundibular angle Stones in anatomical abnormalities suitable for percutaneous resolution (calyceal diverticula,…

Fig. 2.1 The puzzle of PNL history [6, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 23, 42] Between 1976 and 1979 the author, the radiologist Rolf Günther and the urologist Gerd Hutschenreiter…

Fig. 20.1 (a) Intraperitoneal bowel perforation (b) Intraperitoneal bowel lesion, surgical repair 20.3.2 Pleural Lesions Any intercostal puncture passes through the diaphragm and increases the risk of pneumothorax, hydrothorax and/or…

Fig. 3.1 We started the percutaneous renal surgery in supine position with the same protocol we have been using in prone position. Lithotomy position was used to catheterize the ureter,…

Fig. 10.1 Prone decubitus – frontal view (© Carole Fumat) Fig. 10.2 Prone decubitus – lateral view (© Carole Fumat) Table 10.1 Advantages and disadvantages of the prone position Advantages…

Fig. 21.1 Management algorithm in patients with infectious complications after PNL (Modified from Ref. [50]) 21.5.2 Urine and Stone Bacteriology Mariappan et al. demonstrated that stone and pelvic urine cultures…

Fig. 15.1 Final 8 Ch pyelostomy placement after ECIRS Table 15.1 Criteria suggesting nephrostomy tube application according to our experience in a standard PNL According to our experience, small-bore nephrostomies…

Fig. 5.1 Small renal pelvic tumour, not detected by CT scan Fig. 5.2 Low papillary growth in the ureter, not detected by CT scan Fig. 5.3 Prominent papilla Fig. 5.4…