Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) DEFINITION: Idiopathic cholestasis with fibrosis, stricturing and dilation of intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts (small and large bile ducts) EPIDEMIOLOGY: Young men (age 20-50) May be…
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) (NEJM 2005;353:1261-73. Hepatology. 2000;31:1005-13) DEFINITION: PBC: Autoimmune destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts (small bile ducts) Autoimmune Cholangitis or AMA-Negative PBC: (may see positive ANA and/or ASMA)…
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)/Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)/Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL) (Dig Dis Sci 2005:50;171-80. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004;2:1048-58. Gastroenterology. 2002:123: 1702-04 & 1705-25) DEFINITION: The presence of macrovesicular fatty changes…
Mass (Focal Liver) Evaluation DEFINITION: Benign or Malignant, Primary (originating in the liver) or Secondary (metastases), lesions of the liver EPIDEMIOLOGY: See Etiologies below for specific conditions ETIOLOGIES: Differential Diagnosis…
Liver Function Tests (Gastroenterology. 2002;123:1364-1384; Clin Chem 2000;12:1-60) Adapted, in part, from Pocket Medicine 2nd ed. 2004. Lippincott Wilkins & Williams TESTS OF HEPATIC FUNCTION: Albumin: general marker for liver…
Histopathology of Liver LIVER MICROANATOMY AND INJURY PATTERNS Liver has three functional components: hepatocytes, central veins/sinusoids, portal tracts (triads) Basic architecture: cords of hepatocytes (one cell thick), separated by vascular…
Hepatorenal Syndrome (Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100:460-67) DEFINITION: Renal failure (progressive azotemia) in patients with cirrhosis, liver failure, and portal hypertension EPIDEMIOLOGY: 10% of hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and ascites 20%…
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hepatology. 2005;42:1208-29) DEFINITION: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or Hepatoma is a primary (as opposed to metastases) tumor of the liver EPIDEMIOLOGY: Mortality: 4th most common cause of world cancer…
Hepatobiliary Cystic Disease BILE DUCT CYSTS: major classes and subtypes Ia: choledochal cyst Ib: segmental choledochal dilation Ic: diffuse or cylindrical duct dilation II: extrahepatic duct diverticula III: choledochocele IVa:…
Hepatitis C (Gastro 2006;130:225-30 & 231-64. Hepatology 2004;39:1147-71. Hepatology 2002;36:S3-20) DEFINITION: A hepatotrophic virus; the liver is the primary site of infection, replication and cellular damage Chronic hepatitis: presence of…
