Kidney neoplasias
1. Describe the demographics of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). how many cases of RCC are diagnosed annually, and how many deaths are attributable to this disease? Is RCC more common…
Dysproteinemias or light chain diseases
Dysproteinemias 1. What is myeloma? Myeloma is a hematologic malignancy comprising about 1% of all cancers. It consists of an excess of clonally expanded cytogenetically heterogeneous bone marrow-derived plasma cells…
Thrombotic microangiopathies
1. Define thrombotic microangiopathy. Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a pathologic description characterized by arteriole and capillary endothelial vessel wall damage that results in platelet activation, thrombosis, and damaged erythrocytes (schistocytes)…
Onconephrology
1. What is onconephrology? Onconephrology focuses on all aspects of kidney disease in patients with malignancy, as well as areas where nephrology intersects with hematology. As the name implies, nephrologists…
Tumor lysis syndrome
1. What is tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)? TLS is a condition in which widespread necrosis of tumor cells releases toxic amounts of intracellular contents into the circulation, resulting in acute…
Human immunodeficiency virus–associated kidney disorders
1. How do you begin the evaluation of kidney disease in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection? The differential diagnosis of kidney disease in the setting of HIV…
Viral hepatitis-associated glomerulonephritis
1. What types of viral hepatitis are associated with glomerulonephritis? Chronic carriers of hepatitis B (HBV; 400 million people worldwide) or hepatitis C (HCV; 170 million people worldwide) are at…
Vasculitides
1. Which of the vasculitides are most often associated with glomerular disease? The small-vessel vasculitides are most often associated with glomerular disease ( Fig. 33.1 ). Immunoglobulin (Ig)A vasculitis (Henoch-Schölein-purpura)…
Streptococcal- and staphylococcal-related glomerulonephritis
1. Wasn’t this category previously called postinfectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN)? There has been considerable effort to reclassify glomerular diseases that occur as a result of an infection. PIGN describes a unique…
Lupus nephritis
1. How common is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and how often is lupus nephritis present in patients with this disease? The prevalence of SLE in the United States is around…
