Nausea and Vomiting Related to Esophagus and Stomach Diseases
Fig. 3.1 The Nausea Locator is the figure onto which the patient indicates where their nausea is located. The general anatomy is described for the patient: head, neck, collar bones,…
The Psychophysiology of Nausea
Fig. 14.1 The rotating optokinetic drum. The drum is a cylindrical chamber inside which participants sit on a stationary stool. The inside of the drum is lined with alternating black…
Physiology of Nausea
Location of nausea Percentage of patients Epigastrium only 31 Epigastrium + substernal 35 Periumbilical 16 Substernal only 12 Lower abdomen 4 Head 1 Why do we experience nausea? From a…
Gastric Electrical Stimulation, Pyloroplasty, Gastrectomy, and Acustimulation for the Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting in the Setting of Gastroparesis
Fig. 10.1 The two different gastric electrical stimulation parameters being used in clinical and animal research Physiologic Frequency Electrical Stimulation (Pacing) High-energy stimulation with a pulse width of 10–600 ms…
Nausea, Vomiting, and Hormonal Disorders
Possible mechanism Diagnosis Diabetes type 1 and 2 Glucose toxicity, neuropathy (interstitial cells of Cajal) Hyperglycemia, elevated HbA1c Hyperthyroidism Not defined Low TSH, High T4 Hypothyroidism Slow gastric emptying…
Vomiting and Nausea in the Pediatric Patient
Categories Examples Infectious Viral, bacterial, or parasitic gastroenteritis Neurological Meningitis Functional neurological syndromes: migraine headache, vertigo Brain tumor Intracranial bleed Concussion Mechanical/obstructive Pyloric stenosis Congenital small bowel atresia Intestinal malrotation…
Nausea and Vomiting Associated with Abdominal Wall Pain
Fig. 5.1 Lipodystrophy following abdominal wall trigger point injection of steroids. This infrequent complication of trigger point injection is the direct result of steroid injection to subcutaneous abdominal wall adipose…
Nausea and Vomiting Related to Non-esophageal and Non-Gastric Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Etiology Main causes Infectious Viral gastroenteritis Norovirus Bacterial gastroenteritis Salmonella Campylobacter E. coli Mechanical obstruction Small bowel obstruction Adhesions Tumors Hernias Large bowel obstruction Malignancy Volvulus Diverticular disease Organic gastrointestinal…
The Physiology of Vomiting
Fig. 2.1 Four afferent pathways that trigger the emetic reflex (green). These pathways converge on the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the lower hindbrain. The neural circuitry of the caudal…
Future Directions in Understanding Nausea and Vomiting
Better characterization of neural pathways and receptors mediating sensation of nausea and vomiting: Gender differences Similarities and differences for nausea compared to vomiting Similarities and differences for different disorders CINV…
