Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and the Kidney
Abstract Lupus nephritis (LN) is clinically evident in 50% to 75% of lupus patients and is a significant cause of lupus-associated morbidity and mortality, including end-stage kidney disease. LN is…
Pathogenesis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy
Abstract Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of kidney failure in adults. In the United States, approximately half of patients initiating dialysis have diabetes mellitus, and most of these have…
Metabolic Alkalosis
Abstract Metabolic alkalosis is a common acid-base disturbance that is characterized, in a clinically pure or simple form, by an elevated serum [ ] and arterial pH, along with a…
The Kidney in Malignancy
Abstract Onco-nephrology is a growing subspecialty in the field of nephrology. It is essential for clinicians to have a better understanding of kidney complications of cancer and its treatment and…
Myeloma, Amyloid, and Other Dysproteinemias
Abstract Paraproteinemia-associated kidney diseases are complex disorders that can affect every segment of the nephron. These diseases result from deposition of monoclonal immunoglobulins or monoclonal immunoglobulin fragments that include free…
Acute Cardiorenal Syndrome
Abstract Cardiorenal syndromes are broadly defined as disorders of the heart and kidneys whereby acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ may induce acute or chronic dysfunction of the other….
Hepatorenal Syndrome and Other Liver-Related Kidney Diseases
Abstract Patients with liver disease often have concomitant kidney disease. It is often difficult to recognize or is underestimated, as use of serum creatinine or creatinine-based equations to estimate glomerular…
Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis
Abstract This chapter provides an overview of respiratory acid-base disorders. Respiratory acid-base disorders are those abnormalities in acid-base equilibrium that are initiated by changes in CO 2 tension (Pco 2…
Complement-Mediated Glomerulonephritis and Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Abstract It has been known for more than 50 years that the complement system is activated in autoimmune glomerulonephritis. In recent years, evidence has emerged demonstrating that uncontrolled complement activation…
Membranous Nephropathy
Abstract Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in white adults. It is defined by the presence of subepithelial immune deposits localized between the podocyte and…
