Abdominosacral Resection for Rectal Cancer
Fig. 10.1 T2 weighted MRI showing invasion of tumor posteriorly into the sacrum. The arrow shows tumor invasion within the posterior compartment Despite all the recent developments in surgery and…
Rectal Cancer Treatment in the Elderly
Fig. 25.1 Physiological function and functional reserve. (a) The natural decline of organ function (physiological function), basic physiologic needs and functional reserve. (b) The influence of co-morbidity on organ function…
Palliative Options in Patients with Stage 4 Rectal Cancer
Contraindications to R0 Resection Tumors involving the sciatic nerve Tumors encasing the common and/or external iliac arteries Tumors obstructing the bilateral ureters Tumors causing extensive fixation to the lateral pelvic…
Pathology and Staging of Rectal Cancer
Fig. 4.1 Transanal excision of early-stage rectal adenocarcinoma. (a) A single piece of transanal excision specimen with a suture denoting the proximal end. (b) Section shows a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma invades…
Quality Assurance in Rectal Cancer Management
Tools to improve cancer care Strengths Weaknesses Randomised trials Proof of treatment effects Selection bias, high costs, time-consuming, confounding factors Evidence based guidelines/ consensus Create awareness, focus on key treatments…
Remedial Surgery Following Failed Colorectal or Coloanal Anastomosis
Fig. 28.1 Colorectal anastomosis with transmesenteric passage of the transverse colon and closure of the peritoneal defect This procedure was first described in 1961 by André Toupet [17, 18]. At…
Less Common Rectal Tumors
Diameter (cm) Metastatic potential (%) <1.0 3–5 1.0–1.9 10–30 ≥2.0 >75 Adapted from Koura et al. [12], Grossmann et al. [219] The majority of diagnosed rectal carcinoids (65–80 %) will…
Metastatic Rectal Cancer
Author Year Number of patients Therapy RR (%) p-value PFS (mos) p-value OS (mos) p-value 5–FU and leucovorin vs. capecitabine de Gramont [43] 1997 216 Bolus 5-FU/LV 14 0.0004 5.5…
Costs of Rectal Cancer Patient Management
Time definition Perspective No of patients Costs/charges included Cost/charges as reported in original studya Costs/charges in 2014 U.S. $ Lifetime and treatment–phase specific costs Lang et al. [12] Initial:…
Quality of Life in Rectal Cancer Patients
Fig. 23.1 Conceptual model of QoL (Adapted from the model first devised by Wilson and Cleary [8], and later revised by Ferrans et al. [9]) The way the model works…
