Hyperaldosteronism
Definition Print Section Listen Hyperaldosteronism is caused by the hypersecretion of the hormone aldosterone by the adrenal cortex, leading to the clinical syndrome of hypertension and hypokalemia. This syndrome was…
Incidentalomas and Metastases to the Adrenal Gland
Incidentalomas and Metastases to the Adrenal Gland: Introduction Print Section Listen Incidentalomas, unsuspected adrenal tumors that are encountered during radiographic testing done for unrelated causes, are among the most common…
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma, Metastases to the Thyroid Gland, and Thyroid Lymphoma
Epidemiology Print Section Listen Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a highly aggressive malignancy that accounts for more than 39% of all thyroid cancer deaths even though it represents less than…
Parathyroid Carcinoma
Epidemiology Print Section Listen Carcinoma of the parathyroid gland is a rare endocrine malignancy, accounting for only 0.005% of all cancer registrations in the US National Cancer Database (NCDB).1 Using…
Secondary and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Overview and Definitions Print Section Listen The precise regulation of the serum ionized calcium concentration is necessary to sustain human life. The calcium cation is central to a myriad of…
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Epidemiology Print Section Listen Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is uncommon and accounts for only 5% of all thyroid cancers. MTC was first described in 1959 as a “peculiar” thyroid cancer…
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Epidemiology Print Section Listen Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) results from the overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by one or more autonomously hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands that usually causes hypercalcemia. PHPT is usually…
Persistent and Recurrent Hyperparathyroidism
Epidemiology Print Section Listen Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the second most common disease treated by endocrine surgeons, with more than 100,000 new cases diagnosed annually in the United States.1 Success…
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Epidemiology Print Section Listen Thyroid cancer was expected to have an annual incidence in the United States of 37,340 cases in 2008 and has become the sixth most common cancer…
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma and Oncocytic (Hürthle Cell) Carcinoma
Epidemiology Print Section Listen A normal human thyroid gland contains 20 to 30 million spherical follicles lined with follicular epithelial cells filled with colloid and stores a 3 months’ supply…
